Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuningas

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, from *kunją (“family, kin”) + *-ingaz (“originating from”).

Noun

*kuningas

1. king

Inflection

Inflection of *kuningas

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kuningas	*kuninkasët
accusative		*kuninkasën	*kuninkasët
genitive		*kuninkasën	*kuningastën *kuninkasidën
partitive		*kuningasta	*kuninkasida
inessive		*kuninkasëssa *kuninkasëhna	*kuninkasissa *kuninkasihna
elative		*kuninkasësta	*kuninkasista
illative		*kuninkasëhën	*kuninkasihën
adessive		*kuninkasëlla	*kuninkasilla
ablative		*kuninkasëlta	*kuninkasilta
allative		*kuninkasëlën *kuninkasëlëk	*kuninkasilën *kuninkasilëk
essive		*kuningassa	*kuninkasina
translative		*kuninkasëksi	*kuninkasiksi
instructive		*kuninkasën	*kuninkasin
comitative		*kuningassëk	*kuninkasinëk
abessive		*kuninkasëtta	*kuninkasitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kuningas
• Finnish: kuningas
• Ingrian: kunigas, kuningas, kunikas
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kuninkaš
  • South Karelian: kuningaš
• Livvi: kuningas
• Ludian: kuningas
• Veps: kunigaz
• Võro: kuning
• Votic: kunikõz

References

• “kuningas”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012