Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/külmä
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä, possibly borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian geluma), and if so, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-. Cognates include Komi-Permyak кын (kyn) and Proto-Samic *këlmētēk (“to be cold”).
Adjective
[edit]*külmä
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *külmä
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *külmä | *külmät | |
| accusative | *külmän | *külmät | |
| genitive | *külmän | *külmäden *külmeiden | |
| partitive | *külmädä | *külmeidä | |
| inessive | *külmässä *külmähnä |
*külmeissä *külmeihnä | |
| elative | *külmästä | *külmeistä | |
| illative | *külmähen | *külmeihen | |
| adessive | *külmällä | *külmeillä | |
| ablative | *külmältä | *külmeiltä | |
| allative | *külmälen *külmälek |
*külmeilen *külmeilek | |
| essive | *külmänä | *külmeinä | |
| translative | *külmäksi | *külmeiksi | |
| instructive | *külmän | *külmein | |
| comitative | *külmänek | *külmeinek | |
| abessive | *külmättä | *külmeittä | |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: külm
- Finnish: kylmä
- Ingrian: kylmä
- Karelian: kylmä
- Livonian: kīlma
- Livvi: kylmy
- Veps: kül'm
- Võro: külm
- Votic: tšülme
References
[edit]- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN