Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joukko

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably, as per Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”) (whence Old Norse eykr), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg-.

In the past it was thought that the word could originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ, but it is now widely agreed that Hungarian gyakor, on which this reconstruction primarily rests, is in fact not related to the Finnic word, and that Proto-Uralic most likely did not have clusters of three or more consonants.

The word is also occasionally, albeit not universally, held to be related to Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk) and Komi-Zyrian юк (juk). According to one theory, the loanword would be old enough to have reached the Permic languages as well. Alternatively, the Permic words could be borrowed from Finnic.

Noun

*joukko

1. group

Inflection

Inflection of *joukko

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*joukko	*jouk'ot
accusative		*jouk'on	*jouk'ot
genitive		*jouk'on	*joukkodën *joukkoidën
partitive		*joukkoda	*joukkoida
inessive		*jouk'ossa *jouk'ohna	*jouk'oissa *jouk'oihna
elative		*jouk'osta	*jouk'oista
illative		*joukkohën	*joukkoihën
adessive		*jouk'olla	*jouk'oilla
ablative		*jouk'olta	*jouk'oilta
allative		*joukkolën *joukkolëk	*joukkoilën *joukkoilëk
essive		*joukkona	*joukkoina
translative		*jouk'oksi	*jouk'oiksi
instructive		*jouk'on	*jouk'oin
comitative		*joukkonëk	*joukkoinëk
abessive		*jouk'otta	*jouk'oitta

Descendants

• Estonian: jõuk
• Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)
• Ingrian: joukko
• Karelian: joukko
• Livvi: joukko
• Ludian: d'ouk
• Veps: jouk
• Votic: (Kattila) jõukku