Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hüvä
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably related to Proto-Samic *sëvētēk (“to heal”), from common *šiwä, *šüwä. Has been proposed by Koivulehto (2009) to be an Indo-Iranian loan (compare Sanskrit शिव (śiva, “auspicious, favorable”)),[1] but Holopainen (2019) rejects this etymology.[2] Further often compared to Erzya чив (čiv, “good”), but according to Holopainen (2019), this must derive from earlier *čewä, which proves an obstacle (but compare *jüvä < earlier *jewä).
Adjective
[edit]*hüvä
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *hüvä
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *hüvä | *hüvät | |
| accusative | *hüvän | *hüvät | |
| genitive | *hüvän | *hüväden *hüveiden | |
| partitive | *hüvädä | *hüveidä | |
| inessive | *hüvässä *hüvähnä |
*hüveissä *hüveihnä | |
| elative | *hüvästä | *hüveistä | |
| illative | *hüvähen | *hüveihen | |
| adessive | *hüvällä | *hüveillä | |
| ablative | *hüvältä | *hüveiltä | |
| allative | *hüvälen *hüvälek |
*hüveilen *hüveilek | |
| essive | *hüvänä | *hüveinä | |
| translative | *hüväksi | *hüveiksi | |
| instructive | *hüvän | *hüvein | |
| comitative | *hüvänek | *hüveinek | |
| abessive | *hüvättä | *hüveittä | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: hea, hüva, (dialectal) hää
- Finnish: hyvä
- Ingrian: hyvä
- Karelian:
- Livonian:
- Livvi: hyvä
- Ludian: hüvä
- Veps: hüvä
- Võro: hüvä, hüä, hää
- Votic: üvä
- → Proto-Samic: *šuvë (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Koivulehto, Jorma. 2009. "Etymologisesti hämäriä -(is)tA-johdosverbejä, lainoja ja omapohjaisia". In: Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 92.
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa. 2019. Indo-Iranian borrowings in Uralic : Critical overview of sound substitutions and distribution criterion. [1]. pp. 138–139.
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN