Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/yekkos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Etymology and reconstruction are difficult, not only due to the geminate -kk-, but also due to the inconsistent vowel between Old Irish ícc and the other Celtic words. All etymologies struggle with at least one of these two problems. A small catalogue of etymologies include:

• Attempting to relate to Ancient Greek ἄκος (ákos, “cure, medicine”) and Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀴𐀪𐀊𐀂 (a-ke-ti-ri-ja-i), 𐀊𐀐𐀳𐀩 (ja-ke-te-re, “healers”) is possible but phonologically difficult.
• Schrijver offers an alternative in setting up *yet-kos, from *yet- (“to position oneself”).
• Stifter offers the possibility of derivation from *yek- (“to say”), with the necessary assumption of cures and good health being perceived as being delivered by magical words of power.

Adjective

*yekkos

1. healthy

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkos	*yakkou	*yakkoi
vocative	*yakke	*yakkou	*yakkoi
accusative	*yakkom	*yakkou	*yakkoms
genitive	*yakkī	*yakkous	*yakkom
dative	*yakkūi	*yakkobom	*yakkobos
instrumental	*yakkū	*yakkobim	*yakkobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkā	*yakkai	*yakkās
vocative	*yakkā	*yakkai	*yakkās
accusative	*yakkam	*yakkai	*yakkams
genitive	*yakkās	*yakkous	*yakkom
dative	*yakkai	*yakkābom	*yakkābos
instrumental	*?	*yakkābim	*yakkābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkom	*yakkou	*yakkā
vocative	*yakkom	*yakkou	*yakkā
accusative	*yakkom	*yakkou	*yakkā
genitive	*yakkī	*yakkous	*yakkom
dative	*yakkūi	*yakkobom	*yakkobos
instrumental	*yakkū	*yakkobim	*yakkobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkyūs	*?	*yakkyoses
vocative	*yakkyūs	*?	*yakkyoses
accusative	*yakkyosam	*?	*yakkyosams
genitive	*yakkisos	*?	*yakkisom
dative	*yakkisei	*?	*yakkisbos
instrumental	*yakkisī	*?	*yakkisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkyūs	*?	*yakkyoses
vocative	*yakkyūs	*?	*yakkyoses
accusative	*yakkyosam	*?	*yakkyosams
genitive	*yakkisos	*?	*yakkisom
dative	*yakkisei	*?	*yakkisbos
instrumental	*yakkisī	*?	*yakkisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yakkis	*?	*?
vocative	*yakkis	*?	*?
accusative	*yakkis	*?	*?
genitive	*yakkisos	*?	*yakkisom
dative	*yakkisei	*?	*yakkisbos
instrumental	*yakkisī	*?	*yakkisbis

Alternative reconstructions

• *yakkos

Related terms

• *īkkā? *yekkā? *yiyekkā?
  • Old Irish: ícc, íc, hícc
    • Irish: íoc
    • Manx: eeck
    • Scottish Gaelic: ìoc

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *jax
  • Old Breton: iac
    • Middle Breton: yach
      • Breton: yac'h
  • Middle Welsh: iach
    • Welsh: iach
  • Old Cornish: iach
    • Middle Cornish: yagh
      • Cornish: yagh
• Gaulish: *iaccos
  • → Latin: Iaccus