Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸogniyeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *uɸo- +‎ *gniyeti.

Verb

*uɸogniyeti^[1]

to serve

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*uɸogniyū	*uɸogniyemam	*uɸogignāsū	*uɸogegnū
2nd singular	*uɸogniyesi	*uɸogniyetās	*uɸogignāsesi	*uɸogegnūs
3rd singular	*uɸogniyeti	*uɸogniyeto	*uɸogignāseti	*uɸogegnū
1st plural	*uɸogniyomosi	*uɸogniyemo	*uɸogignāsomosi	*uɸogegnamo
2nd plural	*uɸogniyetesi	*uɸogniyestē	*uɸogignāsetesi	*uɸogegnate
3rd plural	*uɸogniyonti	*uɸogniyento	*uɸogignāsonti	*uɸogegnars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*uɸognīsū	?	—
2nd singular	*uɸognīsesi	?	*uɸogniye
3rd singular	*uɸognīseti	?	*uɸogniyetou
1st plural	*uɸognīsomosi	?	*uɸogniyomos
2nd plural	*uɸognīsetesi	?	*uɸogniyete
3rd plural	*uɸognīsonti	?	*uɸogniyontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*uɸogniyūr	—	*uɸogignāsūr	—
2nd singular	*uɸogniyetar	—	*uɸogignāsetar	—
3rd singular	*uɸogniyetor	?	*uɸogignāsetor	—
1st plural	*uɸogniyommor	—	*uɸogignāsommor	—
2nd plural	*uɸogniyedwe	—	*uɸogignāsedwe	—
3rd plural	*uɸogniyontor	?	*uɸogignāsontor	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*uɸognīsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*uɸognīsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*uɸognīsetor	—	—
1st plural	*uɸognīsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*uɸognīsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*uɸognīsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyonts	*uɸogniyonte	*uɸogniyontes
vocative	*uɸogniyonts	*uɸogniyonte	*uɸogniyontes
accusative	*uɸogniyontam	*uɸogniyonte	*uɸogniyontans
genitive	*uɸogniyantos	*?	*uɸogniyantom
dative	*uɸogniyantei	*uɸogniyantbom	*uɸogniyantbos
instrumental	*uɸogniyantī?	*uɸogniyantbim	*uɸogniyantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyantī	*uɸogniyantī	*uɸogniyantiyās
vocative	*uɸogniyantī	*uɸogniyantī	*uɸogniyantiyās
accusative	*uɸogniyantīm	*uɸogniyantī	*uɸogniyantiyans
genitive	*uɸogniyantyās	*?	*uɸogniyantyom
dative	*uɸogniyantyāi	*uɸogniyantyābom	*uɸogniyantyābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸogniyantyābim	*uɸogniyantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyont	*?	*uɸogniyonta
vocative	*uɸogniyont	*?	*uɸogniyonta
accusative	*uɸogniyont	*?	*uɸogniyonta
genitive	*uɸogniyantos	*?	*uɸogniyantom
dative	*uɸogniyantei	*?	*uɸogniyantbos
instrumental	*uɸogniyantī?	*?	*uɸogniyantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyomnos	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnoi
vocative	*uɸogniyomne	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnoi
accusative	*uɸogniyomnom	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnons
genitive	*uɸogniyomnī	*uɸogniyomnous	*uɸogniyomnom
dative	*uɸogniyomnūi	*uɸogniyomnobom	*uɸogniyomnobos
instrumental	*uɸogniyomnū	*uɸogniyomnobim	*uɸogniyomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyomnā	*uɸogniyomnai	*uɸogniyomnās
vocative	*uɸogniyomnā	*uɸogniyomnai	*uɸogniyomnās
accusative	*uɸogniyomnam	*uɸogniyomnai	*uɸogniyomnans
genitive	*uɸogniyomnās	*uɸogniyomnous	*uɸogniyomnom
dative	*uɸogniyomnai	*uɸogniyomnābom	*uɸogniyomnābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸogniyomnābim	*uɸogniyomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸogniyomnom	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnā
vocative	*uɸogniyomnom	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnā
accusative	*uɸogniyomnom	*uɸogniyomnou	*uɸogniyomnā
genitive	*uɸogniyomnī	*uɸogniyomnous	*uɸogniyomnom
dative	*uɸogniyomnūi	*uɸogniyomnobom	*uɸogniyomnobos
instrumental	*uɸogniyomnū	*uɸogniyomnobim	*uɸogniyomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸognatos	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatoi
vocative	*uɸognate	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatoi
accusative	*uɸognatom	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatons
genitive	*uɸognatī	*uɸognatous	*uɸognatom
dative	*uɸognatūi	*uɸognatobom	*uɸognatobos
instrumental	*uɸognatū	*uɸognatobim	*uɸognatobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸognatā	*uɸognatai	*uɸognatās
vocative	*uɸognatā	*uɸognatai	*uɸognatās
accusative	*uɸognatam	*uɸognatai	*uɸognatans
genitive	*uɸognatās	*uɸognatous	*uɸognatom
dative	*uɸognatai	*uɸognatābom	*uɸognatābos
instrumental	*?	*uɸognatābim	*uɸognatābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*uɸognatom	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatā
vocative	*uɸognatom	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatā
accusative	*uɸognatom	*uɸognatou	*uɸognatā
genitive	*uɸognatī	*uɸognatous	*uɸognatom
dative	*uɸognatūi	*uɸognatobom	*uɸognatobos
instrumental	*uɸognatū	*uɸognatobim	*uɸognatobis

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *gwöɣnɨðɨd
- Middle Breton: gounez (3sg pres), gounezet (2pl pres)
- Middle Cornish: gonetheff (1sg pres)
- Middle Welsh: gweini (finite forms)
  - Welsh: gweini (finite forms)
Old Irish: fo·gní

References

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gweinyddaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gweinyddaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1]