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Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/trougokaros

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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From *trougos (miserable, pitiful) +‎ *karos (loving), literally loving the pitiful.

Adjective

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*trougokaros

  1. merciful

Inflection

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O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *trougokaros *trougokarou *trougokaroi
vocative *trougokare *trougokarou *trougokaroi
accusative *trougokarom *trougokarou *trougokaroms
genitive *trougokarī *trougokarous *trougokarom
dative *trougokarūi *trougokarobom *trougokarobos
instrumental *trougokarū *trougokarobim *trougokarobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *trougokarā *trougokarai *trougokarās
vocative *trougokarā *trougokarai *trougokarās
accusative *trougokaram *trougokarai *trougokarams
genitive *trougokarās *trougokarous *trougokarom
dative *trougokarai *trougokarābom *trougokarābos
instrumental *? *trougokarābim *trougokarābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *trougokarom *trougokarou *trougokarā
vocative *trougokarom *trougokarou *trougokarā
accusative *trougokarom *trougokarou *trougokarā
genitive *trougokarī *trougokarous *trougokarom
dative *trougokarūi *trougokarobom *trougokarobos
instrumental *trougokarū *trougokarobim *trougokarobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *trougokaryūs *? *trougokaryoses
vocative *trougokaryūs *? *trougokaryoses
accusative *trougokaryosam *? *trougokaryosams
genitive *trougokarisos *? *trougokarisom
dative *trougokarisei *? *trougokarisbos
instrumental *trougokarisī *? *trougokarisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *trougokaryūs *? *trougokaryoses
vocative *trougokaryūs *? *trougokaryoses
accusative *trougokaryosam *? *trougokaryosams
genitive *trougokarisos *? *trougokarisom
dative *trougokarisei *? *trougokarisbos
instrumental *trougokarisī *? *trougokarisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *trougokaris *? *?
vocative *trougokaris *? *?
accusative *trougokaris *? *?
genitive *trougokarisos *? *trougokarisom
dative *trougokarisei *? *trougokarisbos
instrumental *trougokarisī *? *trougokarisbis

Reconstruction notes

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Matasović reconstructs *trougkaros, without a thematic vowel,[1] but it is morphologically bizarre to do so for a derivative of a thematic adjective and as such will not be followed here. An athematic compound is not required to explain the phonology of any descendants, since the outcome of Proto-Brythonic *-ɣg- (arising after lenition of g and k and syncope of o) is regularly /ɡ/ in the Brythonic languages, and the parallel Goidelic *-ɣx- regularly becomes /k/ in Old Irish.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*trowgo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390