Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/orgeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (“perish”), see also Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /⁠ḫarkzi⁠/) and Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “strike”).

Verb

*orgeti

1. to kill
2. to destroy

Declension

Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*orgū	*orgemam	*iorxsū	*orgam
2nd singular	*orgesi	*orgetās	*iorxsesi	*orxs
3rd singular	*orgeti	*orgeto	*iorxseti	*orxt
1st plural	*orgomosi	*orgemo	*iorxsomosi	*orgme
2nd plural	*orgetesi	*orgestē	*iorxsetesi	*orxte
3rd plural	*orgonti	*orgento	*iorxsonti	*organt
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*orxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*orxsesi	?	*orge
3rd singular	*orxseti	?	*orgetou
1st plural	*orxsomosi	?	*orgomos
2nd plural	*orxsetesi	?	*orgete
3rd plural	*orxsonti	?	*orgontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*orgūr	—	*iorxsūr	—
2nd singular	*orgetar	—	*iorxsetar	—
3rd singular	*orgetor	?	*iorxsetor	—
1st plural	*orgommor	—	*iorxsommor	—
2nd plural	*orgedwe	—	*iorxsedwe	—
3rd plural	*orgontor	?	*iorxsontor	—
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*orxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*orxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*orxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*orxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*orxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*orxsontor	—	—

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtos	*orxtou	*orxtoi
vocative	*orxte	*orxtou	*orxtoi
accusative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtoms
genitive	*orxtī	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtūi	*orxtobom	*orxtobos
instrumental	*orxtū	*orxtobim	*orxtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtā	*orxtai	*orxtās
vocative	*orxtā	*orxtai	*orxtās
accusative	*orxtam	*orxtai	*orxtams
genitive	*orxtās	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtai	*orxtābom	*orxtābos
instrumental	*?	*orxtābim	*orxtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
vocative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
accusative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
genitive	*orxtī	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtūi	*orxtobom	*orxtobos
instrumental	*orxtū	*orxtobim	*orxtobis

Derived terms

• *orgenā
• *to-orgeti
  • Old Irish: do·fúairc, túarcon
    • Irish: tuargain

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic:
  • ⇒ Old Breton: treorgam
  • Middle Welsh: yny-orth
    • Welsh: orn
• Old Irish: orcaid, orgaid, orggaid
  • Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
    • Irish: arg
• Gaulish: orge (“kill”, imperative)
  • Gaulish: *orgetos (deverbal)
    • ⇒ Gaulish: *Orgetorix
      • → Latin: Orgetorix