Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/orgeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (“perish”), see also Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /⁠ḫarkzi⁠/) and Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “strike”).

Verb

*orgeti^[1]^[2]

to kill
to destroy

Declension

Thematic present, t-preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*orgū	*orgemam	*iorxsū	*orgam
2nd singular	*orgesi	*orgetās	*iorxsesi	*orxs
3rd singular	*orgeti	*orgeto	*iorxseti	*orxt
1st plural	*orgomosi	*orgemo	*iorxsomosi	*orgme
2nd plural	*orgetesi	*orgestē	*iorxsetesi	*orxte
3rd plural	*orgonti	*orgento	*iorxsonti	*organt
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*orxsū	?	—
2nd singular	*orxsesi	?	*orge
3rd singular	*orxseti	?	*orgetou
1st plural	*orxsomosi	?	*orgomos
2nd plural	*orxsetesi	?	*orgete
3rd plural	*orxsonti	?	*orgontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*orgūr	—	*iorxsūr	?
2nd singular	*orgetar	—	*iorxsetar	?
3rd singular	*orgetor	?	*iorxsetor	?
1st plural	*orgommor	—	*iorxsommor	?
2nd plural	*orgedwe	—	*iorxsedwe	?
3rd plural	*orgontor	?	*iorxsontor	*organto
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*orxsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*orxsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*orxsetor	—	—
1st plural	*orxsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*orxsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*orxsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orgonts	*orgonte	*orgontes
vocative	*orgonts	*orgonte	*orgontes
accusative	*orgontam	*orgonte	*orgontans
genitive	*organtos	*?	*organtom
dative	*organtei	*organtbom	*organtbos
instrumental	*organtī?	*organtbim	*organtbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*organtī	*organtī	*organtiyās
vocative	*organtī	*organtī	*organtiyās
accusative	*organtīm	*organtī	*organtiyans
genitive	*organtyās	*?	*organtyom
dative	*organtyāi	*organtyābom	*organtyābos
instrumental	*?	*organtyābim	*organtyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orgont	*?	*orgonta
vocative	*orgont	*?	*orgonta
accusative	*orgont	*?	*orgonta
genitive	*organtos	*?	*organtom
dative	*organtei	*?	*organtbos
instrumental	*organtī?	*?	*organtbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orgomnos	*orgomnou	*orgomnoi
vocative	*orgomne	*orgomnou	*orgomnoi
accusative	*orgomnom	*orgomnou	*orgomnons
genitive	*orgomnī	*orgomnous	*orgomnom
dative	*orgomnūi	*orgomnobom	*orgomnobos
instrumental	*orgomnū	*orgomnobim	*orgomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orgomnā	*orgomnai	*orgomnās
vocative	*orgomnā	*orgomnai	*orgomnās
accusative	*orgomnam	*orgomnai	*orgomnans
genitive	*orgomnās	*orgomnous	*orgomnom
dative	*orgomnai	*orgomnābom	*orgomnābos
instrumental	*?	*orgomnābim	*orgomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orgomnom	*orgomnou	*orgomnā
vocative	*orgomnom	*orgomnou	*orgomnā
accusative	*orgomnom	*orgomnou	*orgomnā
genitive	*orgomnī	*orgomnous	*orgomnom
dative	*orgomnūi	*orgomnobom	*orgomnobos
instrumental	*orgomnū	*orgomnobim	*orgomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtos	*orxtou	*orxtoi
vocative	*orxte	*orxtou	*orxtoi
accusative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtons
genitive	*orxtī	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtūi	*orxtobom	*orxtobos
instrumental	*orxtū	*orxtobim	*orxtobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtā	*orxtai	*orxtās
vocative	*orxtā	*orxtai	*orxtās
accusative	*orxtam	*orxtai	*orxtans
genitive	*orxtās	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtai	*orxtābom	*orxtābos
instrumental	*?	*orxtābim	*orxtābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
vocative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
accusative	*orxtom	*orxtou	*orxtā
genitive	*orxtī	*orxtous	*orxtom
dative	*orxtūi	*orxtobom	*orxtobos
instrumental	*orxtū	*orxtobim	*orxtobis

Derived terms

*orgenā
*to-orgeti
- Old Irish: do·fúairc, túarcon
  - Irish: tuargain

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- ⇒ Old Breton: treorgam
- Middle Welsh: yny-orth
  - Welsh: orn
Old Irish: orcaid, orgaid, orggaid
- Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
  - Irish: arg
Gaulish: orge (“kill”, imperative)
- Gaulish: *orgetos^[3] (deverbal)
  - ⇒ Gaulish: *Orgetorix
    - → Latin: Orgetorix

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*org-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
^ Koch, John (2004) “*org-e/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 172
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “orget(o)-/orgeno-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 244

[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*org-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[2] Koch, John (2004) “*org-e/o-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 172

[DLG-3] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “orget(o)-/orgeno-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 244

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[2]

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