Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladeti
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Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂dʰ-é-ti (tudati-present of *kelh₂d⁽ʰ⁾-), from an extension of *kelh₂- (“to strike”). This extended form could be the result of the reanalysis of a *d⁽ʰ⁾e-present or perhaps of a compound of *kelh₂- + *dʰeh₁-, that is, “to put a strike (into someone or something)”.[1][2]
Verb
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kladū | *klademam | *kikladsū | *keklāda |
2nd singular | *kladesi | *kladetās | *kikladsesi | *keklādas? |
3rd singular | *kladeti | *kladeto | *kikladseti | *keklāde |
1st plural | *kladomosi | *klademo | *kikladsomosi | *keklādmo |
2nd plural | *kladetesi | *kladestē | *kikladsetesi | *keklāsse |
3rd plural | *kladonti | *kladento | *kikladsonti | *keklādars |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *klādsū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *klādsesi | ? | *klade | |
3rd singular | *klādseti | ? | *kladetou | |
1st plural | *klādsomosi | ? | *kladomos | |
2nd plural | *klādsetesi | ? | *kladete | |
3rd plural | *klādsonti | ? | *kladontou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kladūr | — | *kikladsūr | *keklādra |
2nd singular | *kladetar | — | *kikladsetar | *keklādras? |
3rd singular | *kladetor | ? | *kikladsetor | *keklādre |
1st plural | *kladommor | — | *kikladsommor | ? |
2nd plural | *kladedwe | — | *kikladsedwe | ? |
3rd plural | *kladontor | ? | *kikladsontor | ? |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *klādsūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *klādsetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *klādsetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *klādsommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *klādsedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *klādsontor | — | — |
Declension of the past participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *klassos | *klassou | *klassoi |
vocative | *klasse | *klassou | *klassoi |
accusative | *klassom | *klassou | *klassoms |
genitive | *klassī | *klassous | *klassom |
dative | *klassūi | *klassobom | *klassobos |
instrumental | *klassū | *klassobim | *klassobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *klassā | *klassai | *klassās |
vocative | *klassā | *klassai | *klassās |
accusative | *klassam | *klassai | *klassams |
genitive | *klassās | *klassous | *klassom |
dative | *klassai | *klassābom | *klassābos |
instrumental | *? | *klassābim | *klassābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *klassom | *klassou | *klassā |
vocative | *klassom | *klassou | *klassā |
accusative | *klassom | *klassou | *klassā |
genitive | *klassī | *klassous | *klassom |
dative | *klassūi | *klassobom | *klassobos |
instrumental | *klassū | *klassobim | *klassobis |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. *klad-e/o- ‘graben, stechen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 410-13
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) “clad- ‘dig, bury’”, in Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 3.1.23, pages 174-76
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205