Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *kladeti (“to stab, dig”) +‎ *-wos.

Noun

*kladiwos m

1. sword

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kladiwos	*kladiwou	*kladiwoi
vocative	*kladiwe	*kladiwou	*kladiwoi
accusative	*kladiwom	*kladiwou	*kladiwoms
genitive	*kladiwī	*kladiwous	*kladiwom
dative	*kladiwūi	*kladiwobom	*kladiwobos
locative	*kladiwei	*?	*?
instrumental	*kladiwū	*kladiwobim	*kladiwūis

Descendants

• Goidelic:
  • Old Irish: claideb
    • Middle Irish: claidem
      • Irish: claíomh, claidheamh
      • Manx: cliwe
      • Scottish Gaelic: claidheamh
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *klėðɨβ̃
    • Middle Breton: clezeff
      • Breton: klezeñv, kleze
    • Middle Cornish: clethe
      • Cornish: kledha
    • Middle Welsh: cledyf
      • Welsh: cleddyf, cleddydd
• Gaulish: *kladyos
  • → Latin: gladius (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Slavic: *kladivo
  • Czech: kladivo
  • Serbo-Croatian: kladivo
  • Slovak: kladivo
  • Slovene: kladivo