Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), but Matasović dismisses this as "improbable," instead calling it an "expressive" development of Proto-Indo-European *ǵ-ʰr-wo- related to *gargos (“rough, fierce”).

Adjective

*garwos

1. coarse, rough

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwos	*garwou	*garwoi
vocative	*garwe	*garwou	*garwoi
accusative	*garwom	*garwou	*garwoms
genitive	*garwī	*garwous	*garwom
dative	*garwūi	*garwobom	*garwobos
instrumental	*garwū	*garwobim	*garwobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwā	*garwai	*garwās
vocative	*garwā	*garwai	*garwās
accusative	*garwam	*garwai	*garwams
genitive	*garwās	*garwous	*garwom
dative	*garwai	*garwābom	*garwābos
instrumental	*?	*garwābim	*garwābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwom	*garwou	*garwā
vocative	*garwom	*garwou	*garwā
accusative	*garwom	*garwou	*garwā
genitive	*garwī	*garwous	*garwom
dative	*garwūi	*garwobom	*garwobos
instrumental	*garwū	*garwobim	*garwobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwyūs	*?	*garwyoses
vocative	*garwyūs	*?	*garwyoses
accusative	*garwyosam	*?	*garwyosams
genitive	*garwisos	*?	*garwisom
dative	*garwisei	*?	*garwisbos
instrumental	*garwisī	*?	*garwisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwyūs	*?	*garwyoses
vocative	*garwyūs	*?	*garwyoses
accusative	*garwyosam	*?	*garwyosams
genitive	*garwisos	*?	*garwisom
dative	*garwisei	*?	*garwisbos
instrumental	*garwisī	*?	*garwisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*garwis	*?	*?
vocative	*garwis	*?	*?
accusative	*garwis	*?	*?
genitive	*garwisos	*?	*garwisom
dative	*garwisei	*?	*garwisbos
instrumental	*garwisī	*?	*garwisbis

Derived terms

• *adgarwos

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *garw
  • Middle Breton: garu
    • Breton: garw
  • Cornish: garow
  • Middle Welsh: garw
    • Welsh: garw
• Old Irish: garb
  • Irish: garbh
  • Scottish Gaelic: garbh
  • Manx: garroo