Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸeriregeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *ɸeri- (“around”) +‎ *regeti (“to stretch”).

Verb

*ɸeriregeti

to repeat

Inflection

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸeriregū	*ɸeriregemam	?	*ɸerirāga
2nd singular	*ɸeriregesi	*ɸeriregetās	?	*ɸerirāgas?
3rd singular	*ɸeriregeti	*ɸeriregeto	?	*ɸerirāge
1st plural	*ɸeriregomosi	*ɸeriregemo	?	*ɸerirāgmo
2nd plural	*ɸeriregetesi	*ɸeriregestē	?	*ɸerirāxte
3rd plural	*ɸeriregonti	*ɸeriregento	?	*ɸerirāgars
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*ɸerireixsū	?	—
2nd singular	*ɸerireixsesi	?	*ɸerirege
3rd singular	*ɸerireixseti	?	*ɸeriregetou
1st plural	*ɸerireixsomosi	?	*ɸeriregomos
2nd plural	*ɸerireixsetesi	?	*ɸeriregete
3rd plural	*ɸerireixsonti	?	*ɸeriregontou
Passive voice
	Present	Imperfect	Future	Preterite
1st singular	*ɸeriregūr	—	?	*ɸerirāgra
2nd singular	*ɸeriregetar	—	?	*ɸerirāgras?
3rd singular	*ɸeriregetor	?	?	*ɸerirāgre
1st plural	*ɸeriregommor	—	?	?
2nd plural	*ɸeriregedwe	—	?	?
3rd plural	*ɸeriregontor	?	?	?
	Pres. subjunctive	Past subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	*ɸerireixsūr	—	—
2nd singular	*ɸerireixsetar	—	—
3rd singular	*ɸerireixsetor	—	—
1st plural	*ɸerireixsommor	—	—
2nd plural	*ɸerireixsedwe	—	—
3rd plural	*ɸerireixsontor	—	—

Declension of the present participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregonts	*ɸeriregonte	*ɸeriregontes
vocative	*ɸeriregonts	*ɸeriregonte	*ɸeriregontes
accusative	*ɸeriregontam	*ɸeriregonte	*ɸeriregontans
genitive	*ɸeriregantos	*?	*ɸeriregantom
dative	*ɸeriregantei	*ɸeriregantbom	*ɸeriregantbos
instrumental	*ɸeriregantī?	*ɸeriregantbim	*ɸeriregantbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregantī	*ɸeriregantī	*ɸeriregantiyās
vocative	*ɸeriregantī	*ɸeriregantī	*ɸeriregantiyās
accusative	*ɸeriregantīm	*ɸeriregantī	*ɸeriregantiyans
genitive	*ɸeriregantyās	*?	*ɸeriregantyom
dative	*ɸeriregantyāi	*ɸeriregantyābom	*ɸeriregantyābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸeriregantyābim	*ɸeriregantyābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregont	*?	*ɸeriregonta
vocative	*ɸeriregont	*?	*ɸeriregonta
accusative	*ɸeriregont	*?	*ɸeriregonta
genitive	*ɸeriregantos	*?	*ɸeriregantom
dative	*ɸeriregantei	*?	*ɸeriregantbos
instrumental	*ɸeriregantī?	*?	*ɸeriregantbis

Declension of the middle participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregomnos	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnoi
vocative	*ɸeriregomne	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnoi
accusative	*ɸeriregomnom	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnons
genitive	*ɸeriregomnī	*ɸeriregomnous	*ɸeriregomnom
dative	*ɸeriregomnūi	*ɸeriregomnobom	*ɸeriregomnobos
instrumental	*ɸeriregomnū	*ɸeriregomnobim	*ɸeriregomnobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregomnā	*ɸeriregomnai	*ɸeriregomnās
vocative	*ɸeriregomnā	*ɸeriregomnai	*ɸeriregomnās
accusative	*ɸeriregomnam	*ɸeriregomnai	*ɸeriregomnans
genitive	*ɸeriregomnās	*ɸeriregomnous	*ɸeriregomnom
dative	*ɸeriregomnai	*ɸeriregomnābom	*ɸeriregomnābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸeriregomnābim	*ɸeriregomnābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸeriregomnom	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnā
vocative	*ɸeriregomnom	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnā
accusative	*ɸeriregomnom	*ɸeriregomnou	*ɸeriregomnā
genitive	*ɸeriregomnī	*ɸeriregomnous	*ɸeriregomnom
dative	*ɸeriregomnūi	*ɸeriregomnobom	*ɸeriregomnobos
instrumental	*ɸeriregomnū	*ɸeriregomnobim	*ɸeriregomnobis

Declension of the past participle
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸerirextos	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextoi
vocative	*ɸerirexte	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextoi
accusative	*ɸerirextom	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextons
genitive	*ɸerirextī	*ɸerirextous	*ɸerirextom
dative	*ɸerirextūi	*ɸerirextobom	*ɸerirextobos
instrumental	*ɸerirextū	*ɸerirextobim	*ɸerirextobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸerirextā	*ɸerirextai	*ɸerirextās
vocative	*ɸerirextā	*ɸerirextai	*ɸerirextās
accusative	*ɸerirextam	*ɸerirextai	*ɸerirextans
genitive	*ɸerirextās	*ɸerirextous	*ɸerirextom
dative	*ɸerirextai	*ɸerirextābom	*ɸerirextābos
instrumental	*?	*ɸerirextābim	*ɸerirextābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ɸerirextom	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextā
vocative	*ɸerirextom	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextā
accusative	*ɸerirextom	*ɸerirextou	*ɸerirextā
genitive	*ɸerirextī	*ɸerirextous	*ɸerirextom
dative	*ɸerirextūi	*ɸerirextobom	*ɸerirextobos
instrumental	*ɸerirextū	*ɸerirextobim	*ɸerirextobis

Reconstruction notes

Deshayes and Fleuriot state that the prefix of this term is *ɸare-,^[1]^[2] but in light of Old Irish ad·eirrig, this cannot have been the original prefix, which must have instead been *ɸeri-.
In Irish, this verb merged with *ati-reketi (“to repent”) except in their verbal nouns; Brittonic kept the two terms distinct.

Derived terms

*ati-ɸeri-regeti
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *adarreɣ (“again”)
  - Old Breton: atareg
    - Middle Breton: adarre
      - Breton: adarre
- Old Irish: ad·eirrig (“to repeat”), ⇒ aitherrech

Descendants

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *arreɣ (with secondary replacement of *ɸeri- by *ɸare-)
- Middle Breton: arre
  - Breton: arre

References

^ Deshayes, Albert (2003) “Arre”, in Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 74
^ Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “atareg”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 76

[1] Deshayes, Albert (2003) “Arre”, in Dictionnaire étymologique du breton (in French), Douarnenez: Le Chasse-Marée, →ISBN, page 74

[DGVB-2] Fleuriot, Léon, Evans, Claude (1985) “atareg”, in A Dictionary of Old Breton – Dictionnaire du vieux breton: Historical and Comparative (in French), Toronto: Prepcorp, page 76

[1]

[2]