Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/falþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *polt-, with suffixal -t-, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to fold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑl.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*falþaną

1. to fold

Inflection

Conjugation of *falþaną (strong class 7c)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*falþō	*falþaų	—	*falþai	?
2nd singular	*falþizi	*falþaiz	*falþ	*falþazai	*falþaizau
3rd singular	*falþidi	*falþai	*falþadau	*falþadai	*falþaidau
1st dual	*falþōz	*falþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*falþadiz	*falþaidiz	*falþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*falþamaz	*falþaim	—	*falþandai	*falþaindau
2nd plural	*falþid	*falþaid	*falþid	*falþandai	*falþaindau
3rd plural	*falþandi	*falþain	*falþandau	*falþandai	*falþaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fefalþ	*fefaldį̄
2nd singular	*fefalst	*fefaldīz
3rd singular	*fefalþ	*fefaldī
1st dual	*fefaldū	*fefaldīw
2nd dual	*fefaldudiz	*fefaldīdiz
1st plural	*fefaldum	*fefaldīm
2nd plural	*fefaldud	*fefaldīd
3rd plural	*fefaldun	*fefaldīn
	present	past
participles	*falþandz	*faldanaz

Related terms

• *faldaz
• *faldōną
• *-falþaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *falþan
  • Old English: faldan, fealdan
    • Middle English: falden, folden (merged with weak form from Proto-West Germanic *faldōn)
      • Scots: fald, fauld
      • English: fold
  • Old Frisian: *falda
    • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: foolden (past participle/adjective)
    • West Frisian: fâlde (merged with weak form from Proto-West Germanic *faldōn)
  • Old Saxon: faldan
    • Middle Low German: valden, volden, vōlden (merged with weak form from Proto-West Germanic *faldōn)
      • German Low German: folden, folgen, follen, folen
      • Plautdietsch: foljen
  • Old Dutch: *faldan
    • Middle Dutch: vouden (merged with weak form from Proto-West Germanic *faldōn)
      • Dutch: vouwen
        • Afrikaans: vou
  • Old High German: faldan, faltan — less common
    • Middle High German: valden, valten (merged with weak form from Proto-West Germanic *faldōn)
      • German: falten
      • Luxembourgish: falen
• Old Norse: falda
  • Old Swedish: falda
    • Swedish: fålla
  • Danish: folde
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌽 (falþan)
  • → Galician: faldra
  • → Portuguese: fralda, falda
  • → Spanish: falda