Appendix:Arabic roots/ل ط س

Arabic

Etymology

Probably together with ل ط ش (l ṭ š)—missing in classical dictionaries and apparently particular to peripheral dialects, irregular in consonant correspondence of the Semitic consonants s₁, s₂, and s₃—borrowed from Aramaic ל־ט־שׁ / ܠ-ܛ-ܫ, also found in Hebrew ל־ט־שׁ (l-t-š), which meant to “hammer” and apparently in general “to pound”, found in the sense of “forging” tools in its oldest occurrence Genesis 4:22 which is also the oldest one for the Hebrew cognate of تُوبَال (tūbāl, “dross, filings”), secondarily furbishing, polishing, and sharpening, whetting (which had to happen by hammers).

Root

ل ط س • (l ṭ s)

1. related to pounding

Derived terms

• Form I: لَطَسَ (laṭasa, “to beat to break, to hit, to pound”)
  • Verbal noun: لَطْس (laṭs)
  • Active participle: لَاطِس (lāṭis)
  • Passive participle: مَلْطُوس (malṭūs)

• مِلْطَس (milṭas, “axe to break stones”)
• مِلْطَاس (milṭās, “axe to break stones”)

References

• “lṭš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1152
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ل ط س”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 531
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “ل ط س”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 106
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ل ط س”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 996
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ل ط س”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 918
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ل ط س”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1017
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ل ط س”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1154