توبال

See also: توپال

Arabic

Alternative forms

طُوبَال (ṭūbāl), طُوفَال (ṭūfāl)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (tūbāl).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tuː.baːl/

Noun

تُوبَال • (tūbāl) m

(obsolete) flakes, what falls off from copper or iron or another metal due to it being hammered – that of copper yore was mixed into hydromel against phlegm, that of iron used in eye remedies and against ulcers

Declension

Declension of noun تُوبَال (tūbāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تُوبَال tūbāl	التُّوبَال at-tūbāl	تُوبَال tūbāl
Nominative	تُوبَالٌ tūbālun	التُّوبَالُ at-tūbālu	تُوبَالُ tūbālu
Accusative	تُوبَالًا tūbālan	التُّوبَالَ at-tūbāla	تُوبَالَ tūbāla
Genitive	تُوبَالٍ tūbālin	التُّوبَالِ at-tūbāli	تُوبَالِ tūbāli

References

Freytag, Georg (1830) “توبال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 185
Käs, Fabian (2010) Die Mineralien in der arabischen Pharmakognosie. Eine Konkordanz zur mineralischen Materia medica der klassischen arabischen Heilmittelkunde nebst überlieferungsgeschichtlichen Studien (Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur · Mainz · Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 54) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 350–356
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “توبال”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 192a
Lane, Edward William (1863) “توبال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 296c
Levey, Martin, Al-Khaledy, Noury (1967) The Medical Formulary of Al-Samarqandi: And the Relation of Early Arabic Simples to Those Found in the Indigenous Medicine of the Near East and India, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, →DOI, page 237
مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ] (a. 1050) Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 1126 Nr. 1007 fol. 83r,14–16
Vázquez de Benito, María Concepción, Herrera, María Teresa (1989) Los arabismos de los textos médicos latinos y castellanos de la Edad Media y de la Modernidad, Madrid: CSIC, page 276

Persian

Alternative forms

توپال (tūpāl)

Etymology

From Akkadian 𒆳𒋫𒁀𒇷 (^KURta-ba-li /⁠Tabalu⁠/), as also Biblical Hebrew תֻּבַל (tuḇal) (in Genesis 10:2 and elsewhere) and תּוּבַל (tuḇal) (Genesis 4:22 explained as a figure forging the tools for all artificers), ultimately the name of the Tabal state.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tuː.ˈβɑːl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	tūḇāl

Noun

توبال • (tūbāl)

(obsolete) metal flakes, dross, filings

References

Haschmi, Mohamed Yahia (1966) “Die geologischen und mineralogischen Kenntnisse bei Ibn Sīnā”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[4] (in German), volume 116, page 55, leaning upon Levey, Martin (1959) Chemistry and chemical technology in Ancient Mesopotamia, Amsterdam · London · New York · Princeton: Elsevier · D. Van Nostrand, page 200
Vullers, Johann August (1855) “توبال”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 476a