Appendix:Arabic roots/ب ر د

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Semitic in these three consonants.

Root

ب ر د • (b r d)

1. related to coldness

Derived terms

• Form I: بَرَدَ (barada, “to be cold; to cool off; to rest; to soothe; to become permanent, to become fixed; settled, established”)
  • Verbal noun: بَرْد (bard), بُرُود (burūd)
  • Active participle: بَارِد (bārid)
  • Passive participle: مَبْرُود (mabrūd)
• Form I: بَرُدَ (baruda, “to be or become cold”)
  • Verbal noun: بُرُودَة (burūda)
  • Active participle: ?
  • Passive participle: مَبْرُود (mabrūd)
• Form II: بَرَّدَ (barrada, “to cool; to soothe; to weaken, to make languid; to make obligatory”)
  • Verbal noun: تَبْرِيد (tabrīd)
  • Active participle: مُبَرِّد (mubarrid)
  • Passive participle: مُبَرَّد (mubarrad)
• Form V: تَبَرَّدَ (tabarrada, “to be cooled, to cool down; to be soothed; to cause an unwell appearance of”)
  • Verbal noun: تَبَرُّد (tabarrud)
  • Active participle: مُتَبَرِّد (mutabarrid)
  • Passive participle: مُتَبَرَّد (mutabarrad)
• Form VIII: اِبْتَرَدَ (ibtarada, “to cool off; to wash oneself with cold water”)
  • Verbal noun: اِبْتِرَاد (ibtirād)
  • Active participle: مُبْتَرِد (mubtarid)
  • Passive participle: مُبْتَرَد (mubtarad)

• بَرَد (barad, “hail”)
• بَرُود (barūd, “(anything) having a cooling effect”)
• بَرِد (barid, “cold; hailing”)
• بَارِد (bārid, “cold; disagreeable”)
  • أَبْرَد (ʔabrad, elative)
• بَارِدَة (bārida, “unpleasant matter; spoil acquired without fatigue, gain made by trade”)
• بَرْدَان (bardān, “cold”)
• بُرَاد (burād, “weakness of the legs from hunger or fatigue”)
• بَرَّاد (barrād, “refrigeration machine; tea-pot”)
• بَرَّادَة (barrāda, “jar (for cold water)”)
• بُرَادَاء (burādāʔ, “ague, shivering fever from cold”)
• إِبْرِدَة (ʔibrida, “a kind of coldness disease in the belly”)
• مَبْرَدَة (mabrada, “a cause of coldness”)
• مِبْرَدَانَة (mibradāna, “cold foodstuff”)
• بِرْدِس (birdis, “full of spite, disagreeable, sinister”)

Etymology 2

Apparently an Iranian borrowing, regard Classical Persian بریدن (burīdan).

Root

ب ر د • (b r d)

1. related to paring off

Derived terms

• Form I: بَرَدَ (barada, “to file, to pare off”)
  • Verbal noun: بَرْد (bard)
  • Active participle: بَارِد (bārid)
  • Passive participle: مَبْرُود (mabrūd)
• Form X: اِسْتَبْرَدَ (istabrada, “to use like a file”)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِبْرَاد (istibrād)
  • Active participle: مُسْتَبْرِد (mustabrid)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَبْرَد (mustabrad)

• بَرَّاد (barrād, “cutter”)
• بُرَادَة (burāda, “parings”)
• بَرِيد (barīd, “crumbs eaten for stew”)
• مِبْرَد (mibrad, “file”)

See also

immediately borrowed terms having the present root formula

• بَرِيد (barīd, “post”)
• بَارُود (bārūd, “powder”)
• بُرْد (burd, “a kind of striped upper garment; a kind of striped coat”)
• بَرْدِيّ (bardiyy, “cattail; paper-reed”)

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 121
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ب ر د”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 105
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ب ر د”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 107
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ب ر د”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 183