-ㅂ네다

Jeju

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mne̞da̠/

Suffix

—ㅂ네다 (-mneda)

1. a formal declarative suffix
   • 1989, 고학명 [gohangmyeong], “무덤가래질소리 [mudeomgaraejilsori]”, in MBC 한국민요대전 음반자료 사이트 [MBC han'gungminyodaejeon eumbanjaryo saiteu]‎^[1], 북제주군 애월읍 납읍리 (현 제주시 애월읍 납읍리) [bukjejugun aeworeup nabeumni (hyeon jejusi aeworeup nabeumni)]:

     일락서산에 해는도 일모가 뒙네다.

     Illakseosan-e hae-neun-do ilmo-ga dwemneda.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

See also

• 읍네다 (-eumneda) (after a consonant)
• ㅂ네까 (-mnekka), 읍네까 (-eumnekka)
• ㅂ데다 (-pdeda), 읍데다 (-eupdeda)

Korean

Suffix

ㅂ네다 • (-mneda)

1. (Pyongan, Northern Hwanghae, areas of Hamgyong) Post-vowel or post-liquid allomorphic form of 습네다 (-seumneda, formal polite declarative suffix)

   Synonym: ㅂ니다 (-mnida)

   • 2018 September, 혜선 [hyeseon], “혜산 장마당 혜선씨의 하루...한달 벌이 500위안 [hyesan jangmadang hyeseonssiui haru...handal beori 500wian]”, in 중앙일보 [jung'ang'ilbo]‎^[2], 평안남도 평성시 [pyeong'annamdo pyeongseongsi]:

     관리소에선 수리비를 받으러도 옵네다.

     Gwalliso'eseon suribi-reul badeureodo omneda.

     At the political camps they'd come to receive the cost for repairs.

Usage notes

While some North Korean defectors claim that this is an exaggerated or even a made-up form used to disparage North Koreans, this is probably because the majority of defectors come from the northernmost regions of the Korean peninsula, and are speakers of Yukjin or Northern Hamgyong variants, which instead use the 으꾸마 (-eukkuma), 습꾸마 (-seupkkuma) or 슴다 (-seumda) forms. Among defectors from Pyongan speaking areas, some appear to consider this form old fashioned or quaint.