-ग

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• -ᬕ (Balinese script)
• -ဂ (Burmese script)
• -ग (Devanagari script)
• -ਗ (Gurmukhi script)
• -𑌗 (Grantha script)
• -ꦒ (Javanese script)
• -𑂏 (Kaithi script)
• -គ (Khmer script)
• -ຄ (Lao script)
• -ഗ (Malayalam script)
• -ᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
• -𑘐 (Modi script)
• -ᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
• -𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
• -𑐐 (Newa script)
• -ଗ (Odia script)
• -ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
• -𑆓 (Sharada script)
• -𑖐 (Siddham script)
• -ග (Sinhalese script)
• -𑩞 (Soyombo script)
• -𑚌 (Takri script)
• -க³ (Tamil script)
• -ค (Thai script)
• -་ག (Tibetan script)
• -𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-

Sanskrit गम् (gam)

Sanskrit -ग (-ga)

From the root गम् (gam, “to go, approach”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ/

Suffix

-ग • (-ga)

1. goer, going, moving, reaching

   ‎दुष्- (duṣ-, “bad”) + ‎-ग (-ga) → ‎ग (ga, “difficult to approach”)

   ‎ख (kha, “sky”) + ‎-ग (-ga) → ‎ग (ga, “sky-goer, bird”)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of -ग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-गः (-gaḥ)	-गौ (-gau) -गा¹ (-gā¹)	-गाः (-gāḥ) -गासः¹ (-gāsaḥ¹)
accusative	-गम् (-gam)	-गौ (-gau) -गा¹ (-gā¹)	-गान् (-gān)
instrumental	-गेन (-gena)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गैः (-gaiḥ) -गेभिः¹ (-gebhiḥ¹)
dative	-गाय (-gāya)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गेभ्यः (-gebhyaḥ)
ablative	-गात् (-gāt)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गेभ्यः (-gebhyaḥ)
genitive	-गस्य (-gasya)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गानाम् (-gānām)
locative	-गे (-ge)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गेषु (-geṣu)
vocative	-ग (-ga)	-गौ (-gau) -गा¹ (-gā¹)	-गाः (-gāḥ) -गासः¹ (-gāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of -गा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-गा (-gā)	-गे (-ge)	-गाः (-gāḥ)
accusative	-गाम् (-gām)	-गे (-ge)	-गाः (-gāḥ)
instrumental	-गया (-gayā) -गा¹ (-gā¹)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गाभिः (-gābhiḥ)
dative	-गायै (-gāyai)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गाभ्यः (-gābhyaḥ)
ablative	-गायाः (-gāyāḥ) -गायै² (-gāyai²)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गाभ्यः (-gābhyaḥ)
genitive	-गायाः (-gāyāḥ) -गायै² (-gāyai²)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गानाम् (-gānām)
locative	-गायाम् (-gāyām)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गासु (-gāsu)
vocative	-गे (-ge)	-गे (-ge)	-गाः (-gāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of -ग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	-गम् (-gam)	-गे (-ge)	-गानि (-gāni) -गा¹ (-gā¹)
accusative	-गम् (-gam)	-गे (-ge)	-गानि (-gāni) -गा¹ (-gā¹)
instrumental	-गेन (-gena)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गैः (-gaiḥ) -गेभिः¹ (-gebhiḥ¹)
dative	-गाय (-gāya)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गेभ्यः (-gebhyaḥ)
ablative	-गात् (-gāt)	-गाभ्याम् (-gābhyām)	-गेभ्यः (-gebhyaḥ)
genitive	-गस्य (-gasya)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गानाम् (-gānām)
locative	-गे (-ge)	-गयोः (-gayoḥ)	-गेषु (-geṣu)
vocative	-ग (-ga)	-गे (-ge)	-गानि (-gāni) -गा¹ (-gā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -ग

कामग

खग

दुर्ग

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “-ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 341, column 2.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ग”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 641