𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éy?

Proto-Indo-European *-nós?

Proto-Indo-European *óywos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas

Sanskrit एव (eva)

Sanskrit एवम् (evam)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)

Inherited from Sanskrit एवम् (evam).

Adverb

𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)

1. thus, so
   • c. 258 BCE, Aśoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.1:

     𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀁𑀡𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀻𑀢𑁂 𑀅𑀬𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 𑀘 𑀯𑀘𑀦𑁂𑀦 𑀇𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀲𑀺 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀸 𑀆𑀭𑁄𑀕𑀺𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀢𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀸 𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 𑀘 𑀯𑀢𑀯𑀺𑀬𑀸

     suvaṃṇagirīte ayaputasa mahāmātāṇaṃ ca vacanena isilasi mahāmātā ārogiyaṃ vataviyā hevaṃ ca vataviyā

     • 1997 translation by Romila Thapar

       From Suvarnagiri, on the order of his Highness the Prince, and the officers: good health to the officers of Isila who are to be instructed thus.

Alternative forms

Attested at Allahabad-Kosambi, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Jatinga-Rameshwara, Jaugada, Kalsi, Maski, Rupnath, Sahasram, Sarnath and Siddapura.

Dialectal forms of 𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (“thus”)
Variety	Location	Lemmas	Forms edit
Central	Kalsi	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Delhi-Topra	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Sarnath	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Rupnath	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Allahabad-Kosambi	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Sahasram	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
East	Dhauli	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Jaugada	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
Northwest	Shahbazgarhi	𐨀𐨅𐨬𐨎 (evaṃ)
	Mansehra	𐨀𐨅𐨬𐨎 (evaṃ)
West	Girnar	𑀏𑀯𑀁 (evaṃ), 𑀏𑀯 (eva)
South	Siddapura	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Brahmagiri	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Maski	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)
	Jatinga-Rameshwara	𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (“thus”)
𑀳𑁂𑀯𑀁 (hevaṃ) (13) 𐨀𐨅𐨬𐨎 (evaṃ) (4) 𑀏𑀯𑀁 (evaṃ) (1) 𑀏𑀯 (eva) (1)

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀏𑀯𑀁 (evaṃ)

References

• Hultzsch, E[ugen Julius Theodor] (1925) Inscriptions of Aśoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 258.
• Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) “hevaṃ”, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aśoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 178
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ēvám”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 121