𑀲𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Sanskrit सम्- (sam-)

Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-

Sanskrit बुध्य॑ते (búdhyate)

Sanskrit सम्बुध्यते (sambudhyate)

Prakrit 𑀲𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (saṃbujjhaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit सम्बुध्यते (sambudhyate), from सम्- (sam-) + बुध्य॑ते (búdhyate). Cognate with Pali sambujjhati.

By surface analysis, 𑀲𑀁- (saṃ-) +‎ 𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (bujjhaï).

Verb

𑀲𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇 (saṃbujjhaï) (Devanagari संबुज्झइ, Kannada ಸಂಬುಜ್ಝಇ) (transitive) (Māhārāṣṭrī)

1. to wake up, understand
   • c. 700 CE, Haribhadra, Maṇipati-Carita 478:

     […] 𑀲𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀁𑀢𑀻 𑀦𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀁 𑀦 𑀬 𑀧𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀧𑀺 𑀲𑁄 𑀧𑀪𑀸𑀬𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀢𑁄 𑀲𑁄 𑀤𑀁𑀲𑀡-𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻-𑀭𑀳𑀺𑀑 𑀦 𑀢𑀭𑁂𑀇 𑀘𑀁𑀓𑀫𑀺𑀉𑀁

     […] saṃbujjhaṃtī niccaṃ na ya piccaï kiṃpi so pabhāyammi to so daṃsaṇa-sattī-rahio na tarei caṃkamiuṃ

     […] and always on waking [the koel bird] could not see anything at daybreak and devoid of the faculty of sight it could not move about.

   • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti III. Udāyaṇa page 31, line 14:

     𑀤𑁂𑀯𑁄 𑀉𑀤𑀸𑀬𑀡𑀁 𑀩𑁄𑀳𑁂𑀇; 𑀦 𑀲𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀇

     devo udāyaṇaṃ bohei; na saṃbujjhaï

     The god tried to convert Udāyaṇa, but he was not converted.

Descendants

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Hindi: समझना (samajhanā), समुझना (samujhanā)
    • Hindustani: samajhnā
      • Hindi: समझना
      • Urdu: سَمَجْھنَا
• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali–Assamese:
    • Middle Bengali: সমুঝা (śomujha)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਸਮਝਣਾ (samjhaṇā)

    Shahmukhi script: سَمجھݨا (samjhṇā)

• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Marathi: समजणे (samajṇe)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Gujarati: સમજવું (samajvũ)

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “संबुज्झ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “saṁbudhyatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• R. Williams, editor (1959), Two Prakrit Versions Of The Maṇipati-Carita‎^[1], Bristol: Burleigh Press, page 277.