𑀤𑀲𑀫

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• dasama (Latin script)
• दसम (Devanagari script)
• দসম (Bengali script)
• දසම (Sinhalese script)
• ဒသမ or ၻသမ (Burmese script)
• ทสม or ทะสะมะ (Thai script)
• ᨴᩈᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• ທສມ or ທະສະມະ (Lao script)
• ទសម (Khmer script)
• 𑄘𑄥𑄟 (Chakma script)

Numeral

𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)

1. Brahmi script form of dasama (“tenth”)

Declension

Declension table of "𑀤𑀲𑀫" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁄 (dasamo)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)
Accusative (second)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame)
Instrumental (third)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀦 (dasamena)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (dasamebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀬 (dasamāya) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (dasamatthaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (dasamānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (dasamasmā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (dasamamhā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (dasamebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (dasamānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (dasamasmiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (dasamamhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (dasamesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)

Declension table of "𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑁄 (dasamiyo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)
Accusative (second)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀁 (dasamiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀁 (dasamiyaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑁄 (dasamiyo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)
Instrumental (third)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀸 (dasamiyā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀳𑀺 (dasamīhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀪𑀺 (dasamībhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀸 (dasamiyā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀦𑀁 (dasamīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀸 (dasamiyā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀳𑀺 (dasamīhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀪𑀺 (dasamībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀸 (dasamiyā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀦𑀁 (dasamīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀸 (dasamiyā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑀁 (dasamiyaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀲𑀼 (dasamīsu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺 (dasami)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀬𑁄 (dasamiyo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)

Declension table of "𑀤𑀲𑀫" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (dasamāni)
Accusative (second)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (dasamāni)
Instrumental (third)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀦 (dasamena)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (dasamebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀬 (dasamāya) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (dasamatthaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (dasamānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (dasamasmā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (dasamamhā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀪𑀺 (dasamebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀁 (dasamānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (dasamasmiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (dasamamhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (dasamesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀦𑀺 (dasamāni)

Prakrit

Prakrit numbers ^(edit)

		100
[a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h], [i], [j], [k] ←  1	←  9	𑁧𑁦 10
		1[a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h], [i], [j], [k]
Cardinal: 𑀤𑀲 (dasa)     Ordinal: 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit दशम (daśamá). By surface analysis, 𑀤𑀲 (dasa) +‎ -𑀫 (-ma). Cognate with Pali dasama.

Adjective

𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama) (Devanagari दसम, Gujarati દસમ, Kannada ದಸಮ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī) (ordinal number)

1. tenth

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁄 (dasamo)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)
Accusative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)
Instrumental	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀡 (dasameṇa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (dasameṇaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (dasamehiṃ)
Dative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dasamāa)	—
Ablative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀑 (dasamāo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀉 (dasamāu) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (dasamāhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (dasamāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀡 (dasamāṇa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (dasamāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (dasamammi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (dasamesu) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (dasamesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀑 (dasamīo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)
Accusative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺𑀁 (dasamiṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀑 (dasamīo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)
Instrumental	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀏 (dasamīe)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀳𑀺 (dasamīhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (dasamīhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀑 (dasamīo)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (dasamīhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀏 (dasamīe)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀡 (dasamīṇa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀡𑀁 (dasamīṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀏 (dasamīe)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀲𑀼 (dasamīsu) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (dasamīsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀺 (dasami) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻𑀑 (dasamīo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀻 (dasamī)

Maharastri declension of 𑀤𑀲𑀫 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (dasamāiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇 (dasamāi)
Accusative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀁 (dasamaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (dasamāiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇 (dasamāi)
Instrumental	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀡 (dasameṇa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (dasameṇaṃ)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (dasamehi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (dasamehiṃ)
Dative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀅 (dasamāa)	—
Ablative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀑 (dasamāo) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀉 (dasamāu) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (dasamāhi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (dasamāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (dasamassa)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀡 (dasamāṇa) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (dasamāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (dasamammi) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂 (dasame)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (dasamesu) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (dasamesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀤𑀲𑀫 (dasama) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸 (dasamā)	𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (dasamāiṃ) or 𑀤𑀲𑀫𑀸𑀇 (dasamāi)

Descendants

• Gujarati: દસમું (dasmũ)
• Konkani: धावो (dhāvo), धावें (dhāvẽ)
• Nepali: दशौं (daśa͠u)
• Old Hindi: दसवै (dasavai), दसवैं (dasava͠i, Rājasthānī manuscripts)
  • Hindustani: dasvā̃

    Hindi: दसवाँ

    Urdu: دَسْوَاں (dasvā̃)

• Old Marathi:

  Devanagari script: दसव (dasava), दाहाव (dāhāva)

  Modi script: 𑘟𑘭𑘪 (dasava), 𑘟𑘰𑘮𑘰𑘪 (dāhāva)

  • Marathi: दहावे (dahāve)
• Old Punjabi: ਦਸਵਾ (dasavā /⁠dasavāṁ⁠/)
  • Punjabi: dasvā̃

    Gurmukhi script: ਦਸਵਾਂ

    Shahmukhi script: دَسْواں

• Sindhi: ḍ̠ahõ

  Arabic script: ڏهون

  Devanagari script: ॾहों

Further reading

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “दसम”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 458.
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 91, 323
• Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 146.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dasama”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 356