𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮
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Prakrit
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit निर्मल (nirmala). Cognate with Pali nimmala.
Adjective
[edit]𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) (Devanagari णिम्मल, Kannada ಣಿಮ್ಮಲ) (Māhārāṣṭrī)
- clear, spotless, clean, pure
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 4:
- 𑀉𑀅 𑀡𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮-𑀡𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀻-𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀇 𑀯𑀮𑀸𑀆
𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮-𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅-𑀪𑀸𑀅𑀡-𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀆-𑀲𑀁𑀔𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀯𑁆𑀯- ua ṇiccala-ṇipphaṃdā bhisiṇī-vattammi rehaï valāā
ṇimmala-maragaa-bhāaṇa-pariṭṭhiā-saṃkhasutti-vva
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- On the lotus leaf, it is just like mother of pearl,
In a setting of spotless emerald.
- On the lotus leaf, it is just like mother of pearl,
- ua ṇiccala-ṇipphaṃdā bhisiṇī-vattammi rehaï valāā
- 𑀉𑀅 𑀡𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮-𑀡𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀻-𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀇 𑀯𑀮𑀸𑀆
Declension
[edit]| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁄 (ṇimmalo) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Accusative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Accusative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalāhiṃ) |
| Dative | — | — |
| Ablative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto) |
| Genitive | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalāsu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalāsuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) |
| Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) |
| Accusative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) |
| Instrumental | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) | 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) |
Descendants
[edit]- Hindustani: nīman
- Maithili: niman
- Marathi: निव्वळ (nivvaḷ)
- ⇒ Old Marathi:
- Marathi: निवळणे (nivaḷṇe)
- Sinhalese: නිමල (nimala), නිමල් (nimal)
References
[edit]- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 114
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “णिम्मल”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 403.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 103.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṇimmala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417