𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 騰克力 (*dəŋ kʰək̚ lɨk̚ /⁠teŋ[k]li⁠/)
• 𐫎𐫗𐫐𐫡𐫏 (ṯnkry /⁠teŋri⁠/)
• ܬܝܓܪܝ (tygry /⁠téŋri⁠/)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋri (“sky, god”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (teŋri), Karakhanid تَنْكْرٖى (teŋrī), Turkish tanrı, Yakut таҥара (tañara) and Chuvash турӑ (tură).

Noun

𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry /teŋri/)

1. (religion) god

   Synonyms: 𐽼𐽲 (bag), ایلاهی (ilahi), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ugan), 𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰𐽺 (yazdan)

2. (rare) sky, heaven

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽳𐽿𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (anošagan), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶 (teŋri yéri), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (teŋrilik), 𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽵 (uštmah)

   Antonyms: 𐽺𐽷𐽾 (nara), 𐽺𐽾𐽵 (naraka), 𐾀𐽹𐽳 (tamu), 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yavlak yér)

Declension

Declension of 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (tnkrylʾr)
genitive	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tnkrynynk)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tnkrylʾrnynk)
dative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰 (tnkrykʾ)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (tnkrylʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽲 (tnkryq) 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶 (tnkryny)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (tnkrylʾryq) 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (tnkrylʾrny)
locative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾀𐽰 (tnkrytʾ)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (tnkrylʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tnkrytyn)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (tnkrylʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tnkryn)	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tnkrylʾryn)
equative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽽𐽰 (tnkrycʾ)
directive	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tnkrykʾrw)
similative	𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (tnkrylʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (tnkry ʾylyq /⁠teŋri élig⁠/, “divine emperor, mandate of heaven”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽶 (tnkry qʾtwny /⁠teŋri hatunï⁠/, “divine empress, goddess”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶 (tnkry yyry /⁠teŋri yéri⁠/, “heaven”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽶 (tnkry nwmy /⁠teŋri nomï⁠/, “Manichaeism (lit. 'teachings of the God)”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 (tnkry tnkrysy /⁠teŋri teŋrisi⁠/, “Devātideva, God of the Gods”)

Derived terms

• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽺 (tnkrykʾn /⁠teŋriken⁠/, “ruler”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽹 (tnkrydʾm /⁠teŋridem⁠/, “holy, pertaining to the gods”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽹 (tnkrym /⁠teŋrim⁠/, “an honorific title for noblewomen”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽽𐽶 (tnkrycy /⁠teŋriči⁠/, “a servant of the God, monk”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (tnkrylyk /⁠teŋrilik⁠/, “sanctuary, temple; paradise”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: deŋər (tiŋïr, “sky, heavens, weather”)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ (tngri)

Adjective

𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry /teŋri/)

1. (religion) holy, sanctified
2. esteemed, valued (of people)

Compound terms

• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶 (tnkry pytyky /⁠teŋri bitigi⁠/, “holy scripture”)
• 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽻𐽶 (tnkry twyrwsy /⁠teŋri törösi⁠/, “holy commandments”)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “tnkry”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 242
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) t(ä)ŋri”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 695-697
• Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü [Uyghur-Chinese Divine Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Turkish), İstanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 61