𐤔𐤓

Hebrew

the Mesad Hashavyahu ostracon

Noun

𐤔𐤓 • (šr /śar/) m

1. Paleo-Hebrew spelling of שַׂר (śar, “governor, prince, chief”)
   • 630–609 BCE, the Mesad Hashavyahu ostracon lines 1–2 at right

     𐤉𐤔𐤌𐤏 𐤀𐤃𐤍𐤉 𐤄𐤔𐤓 / 𐤀𐤕 𐤃𐤁𐤓 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤄.

     ישמע אדני השר / את דבר עבדה.
     yišəmaʿʾăḏōnī haśar ʾēṯ dəḇar ʿbdh

     Let my lord, the governor, \ hear the word of his servant!

Philistine

Noun

𐤔𐤓 (šr)

1. ruler
   • Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription, lines 2-3, c. 7th century BC:

     𐤉𐤎𐤃 𐤟 𐤁𐤍 𐤟 𐤀𐤃𐤀 𐤟 𐤁𐤍 𐤟 𐤉𐤏𐤓 𐤟 𐤔𐤓𐤏𐤒-
     -𐤓𐤍 𐤟 𐤋𐤐𐤕[ ]𐤉𐤄 𐤟 𐤀𐤃𐤕𐤄 𐤟 𐤕𐤁𐤓𐤊𐤄 𐤟 𐤅𐤕

     Yasid, son of Ada, son of Ya'ir, ruler of Ek-
     -ron, for Pt[ ]yh his lady, may she bless him, and p[rotect him]

Phoenician

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃar/

Noun

𐤔𐤓 (šr /šar/)

1. headman, princeps

   Hypernym: 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš /⁠rūš⁠/)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic *ṯawr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃoːr/

Noun

𐤔𐤓 (šr /šōr/)

1. bull

Descendants

• Punic: 𐤔𐤓 (šr /⁠šūr⁠/)

Punic

Etymology 1

From Phoenician 𐤔𐤓 (šr), from Proto-Semitic *ṯawr-.

Pronunciation

• (6^th BCE Punic): IPA^(key): /suːr/
• (2^nd BCE Late Punic): IPA^(key): /syːr/
• (2^nd CE Neo-Punic): IPA^(key): /syr/

Noun

𐤔𐤓 (šr /šūr/)

1. bull

Etymology 2

From Phoenician 𐤔𐤓𐤔 (šrš), from Proto-Semitic *šurš-.

Pronunciation

• (6^th BCE Punic): IPA^(key): /sur/
• (2^nd BCE Late Punic): IPA^(key): /sur/
• (2^nd CE Neo-Punic): IPA^(key): /sur/

Noun

𐤔𐤓 (šr /šur/)

1. root
   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, De Materia Medica interpolations believed to be from Pamphilos, s. v. στρούθιον 2.163:^[2]:

     στρούθιον· οἱ δὲ κέδρον, οἱ δὲ κάθαρσις, οἱ δὲ στρουθοκάμηλος, οἱ δὲ χαμαίρρυτον, προφῆται χαλίρρυτον, Ῥωμαῖοι ῥάδιξ σανάρια, οἱ δὲ ἕρβα λανάρια, Αἰγύπτιοι οἰνώ, Ἄφροι σοιρίς (var. συρίς).

     stroúthion; hoi dè kédron, hoi dè kátharsis, hoi dè strouthokámēlos, hoi dè khamaírrhuton, prophêtai khalírrhuton, Rhōmaîoi rhádix sanária, hoi dè hérba lanária, Aigúptioi oinṓ, Áphroi soirís (var. surís).

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• →? Proto-Berber:

  Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵥⵓⵔ (aẓur)