𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną (“to turn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʍɛrban/, [ˈʍɛrβan]

Verb

𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 • (ƕairban)

1. (intransitive) to walk
   • 2 Thessalonians 3:6:

     𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃, 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃, 𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌹𐍃 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍃, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐍆 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌴 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌷𐌰𐌼 𐌸𐍉𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌸 𐌰𐍄 𐌿𐌽𐍃.

     aþþan anabiudam izwis, brōþrjus, in namin fraujins unsaris iēsuis xristaus, ei gaskaidaiþ izwis af allamma brōþrē ƕairbandanē ungatassaba jah ni bi anafilham þōei andnēmuþ at uns.

     Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us. (KJV)

   • 2 Thessalonians 3:11:

     𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰, 𐌽𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌰𐌺 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃.

     hausjam auk sumans ƕairbandans in izwis ungatassaba, ni waiht waurkjandans, ak fairweitjandans.

     For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 strong
Infinitive	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 ƕairban
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰 ƕairba	𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱 ƕarb	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 ƕairbada
2nd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌹𐍃 ƕairbis	𐍈𐌰𐍂𐍆𐍄 ƕarft	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌶𐌰 ƕairbaza
3rd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌸 ƕairbiþ	𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱 ƕarb	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰 ƕairbada
1st dual	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐍉𐍃 ƕairbōs	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌿 ƕaurbu	—
2nd dual	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 ƕairbats	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌿𐍄𐍃 ƕaurbuts	—
1st plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌼 ƕairbam	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌿𐌼 ƕaurbum	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ƕairbanda
2nd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌸 ƕairbiþ	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌿𐌸 ƕaurbuþ	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ƕairbanda
3rd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳 ƕairband	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌿𐌽 ƕaurbun	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ƕairbanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌿 ƕairbau	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌿 ƕaurbjau	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaidau
2nd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍃 ƕairbais	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃 ƕaurbeis	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaizau
3rd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹 ƕairbai	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹 ƕaurbi	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaidau
1st dual	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ƕairbaiwa	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ƕaurbeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ƕairbaits	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ƕaurbeits	—
1st plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ƕairbaima	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ƕaurbeima	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaindau
2nd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸 ƕairbaiþ	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 ƕaurbeiþ	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaindau
3rd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ƕairbaina	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ƕaurbeina	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱 ƕairb
3rd singular	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbadau
2nd dual	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍃 ƕairbats
2nd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌸 ƕairbiþ
3rd plural	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ƕairbandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ƕairbands	𐍈𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃 ƕaurbans

Derived terms

• 𐌱𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (biƕairban)

Related terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐍃 (gaƕairbs)
• 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐍃 (ƕeilaƕairbs)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 61