𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *welwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, strike”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwilwan/

Verb

𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 • (wilwan)

1. to take by force (of people or things), to rob, to raven (obtain or seize by violence)
   • Matthew 7:15

     𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌿𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌰𐍄 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌾𐍉𐌼 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌴, 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍉𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃.

     atsaiƕiþ swēþauh faura liugnapraufētum þaim izei qimand at izwis in wastjōm lambē, iþ innaþrō sind wulfōs wilwandans.

     Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. (KJV)

   • Mark 3:27:

     𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌲 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽, 𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌸; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 ⟨𐌸𐌰𐌽⟩ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳 𐌹𐍃 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹.

     ni manna mag kasa swinþis galeiþands in gard is wilwan, niba faurþis þana swinþan gabindiþ; jah ⟨þan⟩ þana gard is diswilwai.

     No man can enter into the house of a strong man and rob him of his goods, unless he first bind the strong man, and then shall he plunder his house. (Douay-Rheims)

   • John 6:15:

     𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 ⟨𐌹𐌽𐌰⟩ 𐌴𐌹 𐍄𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰, 𐌰𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃.

     iþ iēsus kunnands þatei munaidēdun usgaggan jah wilwan ⟨ina⟩ ei tawidēdeina ina du þiudana, afiddja aftra in fairguni is ains.

     When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a mountain himself alone. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 3 strong
Infinitive	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 wilwan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰 wilwa	𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅 walw	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 wilwada
2nd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐍃 wilwis	𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐍄 walwt	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌶𐌰 wilwaza
3rd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸 wilwiþ	𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅 walw	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰 wilwada
1st dual	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐍉𐍃 wilwōs	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿 wulwu	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 wilwats	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐍄𐍃 wulwuts	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌼 wilwam	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌼 wulwum	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wilwanda
2nd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸 wilwiþ	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌸 wulwuþ	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wilwanda
3rd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳 wilwand	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌿𐌽 wulwun	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 wilwanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌿 wilwau	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌿 wulwjau	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwaidau
2nd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍃 wilwais	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 wulweis	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 wilwaizau
3rd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹 wilwai	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌹 wulwi	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwaidau
1st dual	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 wilwaiwa	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 wulweiwa	—
2nd dual	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 wilwaits	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 wulweits	—
1st plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 wilwaima	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 wulweima	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwaindau
2nd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌸 wilwaiþ	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌸 wulweiþ	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwaindau
3rd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 wilwaina	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 wulweina	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅 wilw
3rd singular	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwadau
2nd dual	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃 wilwats
2nd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌹𐌸 wilwiþ
3rd plural	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 wilwandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 wilwands	𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 wulwans

Derived terms

• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (diswilwan)
• 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰 (wilwa)
• 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌰 (wulwa)
• 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (frawilwan)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 175