𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną; cognate with Old English oferleċġan. By surface analysis, 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂- (ufar-) +‎ 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ufarˈlaɡjan/, [ufarˈlaɣjan]

Verb

𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (ufarlagjan)

1. (hapax, transitive) to lay upon, overlay
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 11:38b:

     𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍉.

     wasuh þan hulundi jah staina ufarlagida was ufarō.

     It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it. (KJV)

     (literally, “And there was a cave there, and it was overlaid above with a stone.”)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 ufarlagjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰 ufarlagja	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 ufarlagida	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ufarlagjada
2nd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐍃 ufarlagjis	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 ufarlagidēs	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 ufarlagjaza
3rd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 ufarlagjiþ	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 ufarlagida	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ufarlagjada
1st dual	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐍉𐍃 ufarlagjōs	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 ufarlagidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ufarlagjats	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 ufarlagidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌼 ufarlagjam	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 ufarlagidēdum	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarlagjanda
2nd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 ufarlagjiþ	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 ufarlagidēduþ	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarlagjanda
3rd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 ufarlagjand	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 ufarlagidēdun	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ufarlagjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjau	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 ufarlagidēdjau	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaidau
2nd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 ufarlagjais	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 ufarlagidēdeis	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaizau
3rd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹 ufarlagjai	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 ufarlagidēdi	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaidau
1st dual	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ufarlagjaiwa	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ufarlagidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ufarlagjaits	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ufarlagidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ufarlagjaima	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ufarlagidēdeima	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaindau
2nd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 ufarlagjaiþ	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 ufarlagidēdeiþ	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaindau
3rd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ufarlagjaina	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ufarlagidēdeina	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹 ufarlagei
3rd singular	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjadau
2nd dual	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ufarlagjats
2nd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌹𐌸 ufarlagjiþ
3rd plural	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ufarlagjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ufarlagjands	𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌸𐍃 ufarlagiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 78