𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌳𐌿- (du-) +‎ *𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*stōdjan), from Proto-Germanic *stōdijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duˈstoːdjan/, [duˈstoːðjan]

Verb

𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (dustōdjan)

1. to begin, start
   • Luke 14:30:

     𐍃𐌰 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽.

     sa manna dustōdida timbrjan jah ni mahta ustiuhan.

     This man began to build, and was not able to finish. (KJV)

   • 2 Corinthians, header:

     𐌳𐌿 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌿𐌼 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸

     du kaurinþaium anþara dustōdeiþ

     Second [Epistle] to the Corinthians begins

   • 2 Corinthians 8:6:

     𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐌱𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌽, 𐌴𐌹 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰, 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄.

     swaei bēdeima teitaun, ei swaswē faura dustōdida, swah ustiuhai in izwis jah þō anst.

     Insomuch that we desired Titus, that as he had begun, so he would also finish in you the same grace also. (KJV)

   • 1 Timothy, header:

     𐌳𐌿 𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌿 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹 𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸

     du teimauþaiau frumei dustōdeiþ

     First [Epistle] to Timothy begins

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 dustōdjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰 dustōdja	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 dustōdida	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 dustōdjada
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 dustōdeis	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 dustōdidēs	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 dustōdjaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 dustōdeiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰 dustōdida	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 dustōdjada
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 dustōdjōs	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 dustōdidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 dustōdjats	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 dustōdidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 dustōdjam	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 dustōdidēdum	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dustōdjanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 dustōdeiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 dustōdidēduþ	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dustōdjanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 dustōdjand	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 dustōdidēdun	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 dustōdjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 dustōdjau	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 dustōdidēdjau	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 dustōdjais	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 dustōdidēdeis	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 dustōdjai	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 dustōdidēdi	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 dustōdjaiwa	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 dustōdidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 dustōdjaits	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 dustōdidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 dustōdjaima	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 dustōdidēdeima	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 dustōdjaiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 dustōdidēdeiþ	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 dustōdjaina	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 dustōdidēdeina	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹 dustōdei
3rd singular	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 dustōdjats
2nd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 dustōdeiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 dustōdjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 dustōdjands	𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌹𐌸𐍃 dustōdiþs

Related terms

• 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anastōdjan)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 130