πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *gramjanΔ….

Pronunciation

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Verb

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πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gramjan)

  1. to provoke
    • Colossians 3:21:
      πŒΎπŒΏπƒ πŒ°π„π„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ, 𐌽𐌹 πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ πŒ±πŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒ° πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ° 𐌳𐌿 πŒΈπ…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ·πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½, 𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 πŒΏπŒ½πŒ»πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏ.
      jus attans, ni gramjaiΓΎ barna izwara du ΓΎwairhein, ei ni wairΓΎaina in unlustau.
      Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged. (KJV)

Conjugation

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gramjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°
gramja 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gramida 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gramjada
2nd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒΉπƒ
gramjis 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gramidΔ“s 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gramjaza
3rd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gramjiΓΎ 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gramida 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gramjada
1st dual πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπ‰πƒ
gramjōs 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gramidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gramjats 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gramidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gramjam 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gramidΔ“dum 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gramjanda
2nd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gramjiΓΎ 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gramidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gramjanda
3rd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gramjand 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gramidΔ“dun 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gramjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gramjau 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gramidΔ“djau 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gramjais 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gramidΔ“deis 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gramjai 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gramidΔ“di 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaidau
1st dual πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gramjaiwa 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gramidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gramjaits 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gramidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gramjaima 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gramidΔ“deima 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gramjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gramidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gramjaina 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gramidΔ“deina 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ΄πŒΉ
gramei
3rd singular πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjadau
2nd dual πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gramjats
2nd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
gramjiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gramjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gramjands 		πŒ²π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gramiΓΎs

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 50
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