𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *þurznaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈθɔrsnan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (gaþaursnan) (perfective)

1. (intransitive) to dry up, be dried up
   • Mark 5:29:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌹𐍃 𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 𐌰𐍆 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰.

     jah sunsaiw gaþaursnōda sa brunna blōþis izōs, jah ufkunþa ana leika þatei gahailnōda af þamma slaha.

     And straightway the fountain of her blood was dried up; and she felt in her body that she was healed of that plague. (KJV)

2. (intransitive) to wither, be withered
   • Mark 11:21

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰: 𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌴𐌹, 𐍃𐌰𐌹, 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌺𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌰𐍃𐍄 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰.

     jah gamunands paitrus qaþ du imma: rabbei, sai, smakkabagms þanei fraqast gaþaursnōda.

     And Peter calling to remembrance saith unto him, Master, behold, the fig tree which thou cursedst is withered away. (KJV)

   • Luke 8:6

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰, 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌵𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌰.

     jah anþar gadraus ana staina jah uskijanata gaþaursnōda, in þizei ni habaida qrammiþa.

     And some fell upon a rock; and as soon as it was sprung up, it withered away, because it lacked moisture. (KJV)

   • John 15:6:

     𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 𐍃𐌰𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐍃, 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌿𐍄 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍉𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰.

     niba saei wisiþ in mis, uswairpada ut swē weinatains, jah gaþaursniþ jah galisada, jah in fōn galagjand jah inbrannjada.

     If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 4 weak
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 gaþaursnan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰 gaþaursna	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 gaþaursnōda	—
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍃 gaþaursnis	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 gaþaursnōdēs	—
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌸 gaþaursniþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 gaþaursnōda	—
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐍃 gaþaursnōs	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gaþaursnōdēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþaursnats	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gaþaursnōdēduts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌼 gaþaursnam	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gaþaursnōdēdum	—
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌸 gaþaursniþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gaþaursnōdēduþ	—
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 gaþaursnand	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gaþaursnōdēdun	—
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌿 gaþaursnau	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gaþaursnōdēdjau	—
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 gaþaursnais	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaþaursnōdēdeis	—
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹 gaþaursnai	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gaþaursnōdēdi	—
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþaursnaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gaþaursnōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþaursnaits	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gaþaursnōdēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþaursnaima	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gaþaursnōdēdeima	—
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 gaþaursnaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gaþaursnōdēdeiþ	—
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþaursnaina	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gaþaursnōdēdeina	—
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽 gaþaursn
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþaursnadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 gaþaursnats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌸 gaþaursniþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gaþaursnandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gaþaursnands	—

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 147