찌다

Korean

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕ͈ida̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [찌다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jjida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jjida
McCune–Reischauer?	tchida
Yale Romanization?	ccita

Etymology 1

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄠᅵ〮다〮 (Yale: ptí-tá).

Verb

찌다 • (jjida) (infinitive 쪄 or 찌어, sequential 찌니)

1. (transitive) to steam (food), to cook with steam
2. (intransitive, of the weather) to be hot and humid, to be sultry, to be sweltering

   한여름이라 그런지 날씨가 정말 푹푹 찝니다.

   Hanyeoreumira geureonji nalssi-ga jeongmal pukpuk jjimnida.

   It being midsummer, the weather is really hot and humid.

   찌는 날씨 속에서도 인부들은 열심히 일했다.

   Jjineun nalssi sog-eseo-do inbu-deur-eun yeolsimhi ilhaetda.

   Even in the sweltering weather, the labourers worked hard.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 찌다 (jjida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찐다 jjinda	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니다 jjimnida
	Past	쪘다 jjeotda	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니다 jjeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌느냐 jjineunya	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니까 jjimnikka
	Past	쪘느냐 jjeonneunya	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니까 jjeotseumnikka
Hortative		찌자 jjija	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찌십시다 jjisipsida
Imperative		쪄라, 찌어라 jjeora, jjieora	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝시오 jjipsio
Assertive		찌겠다 jjigetda	찌겠어 jjigesseo	찌겠어요 jjigesseoyo	찌겠습니다 jjigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쪄 jjeo	쪄서, 찌어서 jjeoseo, jjieoseo	찌니 jjini	찌니까 jjinikka
Contrast		찌지만 jjijiman	찌는데 jjineunde	찌더니 jjideoni
Conjunction		찌고 jjigo
Condition		찌면 jjimyeon	쪄야, 찌어야 jjeoya, jjieoya
Motive		찌려고 jjiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		찜 jjim	찌기 jjigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쪘음, 찌었음 jjeosseum, jjieosseum	쪘기, 찌었기 jjeotgi, jjieotgi
Determiners	Past	찐 jjin
	Present	찌는 jjineun
	Future	찔 jjil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찌신다 jjisinda	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니다 jjisimnida
	Past	찌셨다 jjisyeotda	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니다 jjisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌시느냐 jjisineunya	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니까 jjisimnikka
	Past	찌셨느냐 jjisyeonneunya	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니까 jjisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		찌시라 jjisira	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요 jjiseyo	찌십시오 jjisipsio
Assertive		찌시겠다 jjisigetda	찌시겠어 jjisigesseo	찌시겠어요 jjisigesseoyo	찌시겠습니다 jjisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		찌셔 jjisyeo	찌셔서 jjisyeoseo	찌시니 jjisini	찌시니까 jjisinikka
Contrast		찌시지만 jjisijiman	찌시는데 jjisineunde	찌시더니 jjisideoni
Conjunction		찌시고 jjisigo
Condition		찌시면 jjisimyeon	찌셔야 jjisyeoya
Motive		찌시려고 jjisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		찌심 jjisim	찌시기 jjisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		찌셨음 jjisyeosseum	찌셨기 jjisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	찌신 jjisin
	Present	찌시는 jjisineun
	Future	찌실 jjisil

Derived terms

• 찌개 (jjigae)
• 찜 (jjim)

 

Etymology 2

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 지다〮 (Yale: cì-tá).

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	찌다 (jjida)
Causative	찌우다 (jjiuda)

찌다 • (jjida) (infinitive 쪄 or 찌어, sequential 찌니)

1. (intransitive) to get fat, to gain weight

   살이 뒤룩뒤룩 찌다 ― sar-i dwirukdwiruk jjida ― to gain lots of weight

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 찌다 (jjida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찐다 jjinda	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니다 jjimnida
	Past	쪘다 jjeotda	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니다 jjeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌느냐 jjineunya	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니까 jjimnikka
	Past	쪘느냐 jjeonneunya	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니까 jjeotseumnikka
Hortative		찌자 jjija	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찌십시다 jjisipsida
Imperative		쪄라, 찌어라 jjeora, jjieora	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝시오 jjipsio
Assertive		찌겠다 jjigetda	찌겠어 jjigesseo	찌겠어요 jjigesseoyo	찌겠습니다 jjigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쪄 jjeo	쪄서, 찌어서 jjeoseo, jjieoseo	찌니 jjini	찌니까 jjinikka
Contrast		찌지만 jjijiman	찌는데 jjineunde	찌더니 jjideoni
Conjunction		찌고 jjigo
Condition		찌면 jjimyeon	쪄야, 찌어야 jjeoya, jjieoya
Motive		찌려고 jjiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		찜 jjim	찌기 jjigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쪘음, 찌었음 jjeosseum, jjieosseum	쪘기, 찌었기 jjeotgi, jjieotgi
Determiners	Past	찐 jjin
	Present	찌는 jjineun
	Future	찔 jjil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찌신다 jjisinda	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니다 jjisimnida
	Past	찌셨다 jjisyeotda	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니다 jjisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌시느냐 jjisineunya	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니까 jjisimnikka
	Past	찌셨느냐 jjisyeonneunya	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니까 jjisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		찌시라 jjisira	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요 jjiseyo	찌십시오 jjisipsio
Assertive		찌시겠다 jjisigetda	찌시겠어 jjisigesseo	찌시겠어요 jjisigesseoyo	찌시겠습니다 jjisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		찌셔 jjisyeo	찌셔서 jjisyeoseo	찌시니 jjisini	찌시니까 jjisinikka
Contrast		찌시지만 jjisijiman	찌시는데 jjisineunde	찌시더니 jjisideoni
Conjunction		찌시고 jjisigo
Condition		찌시면 jjisimyeon	찌셔야 jjisyeoya
Motive		찌시려고 jjisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		찌심 jjisim	찌시기 jjisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		찌셨음 jjisyeosseum	찌셨기 jjisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	찌신 jjisin
	Present	찌시는 jjisineun
	Future	찌실 jjisil

Derived terms

• 살찌다 (saljjida)

 

Etymology 3

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean ᄣᅵ다 (Yale: psti-ta).

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	찌다 (jjida)
Causative	찌우다 (jjiuda)

찌다 • (jjida) (infinitive 쪄 or 찌어, sequential 찌니)

1. (intransitive, dated, of the tide) to ebb

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 찌다 (jjida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찐다 jjinda	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니다 jjimnida
	Past	쪘다 jjeotda	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니다 jjeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌느냐 jjineunya	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝니까 jjimnikka
	Past	쪘느냐 jjeonneunya	쪘어 jjeosseo	쪘어요 jjeosseoyo	쪘습니까 jjeotseumnikka
Hortative		찌자 jjija	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찌십시다 jjisipsida
Imperative		쪄라, 찌어라 jjeora, jjieora	쪄 jjeo	쪄요, 찌어요 jjeoyo, jjieoyo	찝시오 jjipsio
Assertive		찌겠다 jjigetda	찌겠어 jjigesseo	찌겠어요 jjigesseoyo	찌겠습니다 jjigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		쪄 jjeo	쪄서, 찌어서 jjeoseo, jjieoseo	찌니 jjini	찌니까 jjinikka
Contrast		찌지만 jjijiman	찌는데 jjineunde	찌더니 jjideoni
Conjunction		찌고 jjigo
Condition		찌면 jjimyeon	쪄야, 찌어야 jjeoya, jjieoya
Motive		찌려고 jjiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		찜 jjim	찌기 jjigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		쪘음, 찌었음 jjeosseum, jjieosseum	쪘기, 찌었기 jjeotgi, jjieotgi
Determiners	Past	찐 jjin
	Present	찌는 jjineun
	Future	찔 jjil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	찌신다 jjisinda	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니다 jjisimnida
	Past	찌셨다 jjisyeotda	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니다 jjisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	찌시느냐 jjisineunya	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요, 찌셔요 jjiseyo, jjisyeoyo	찌십니까 jjisimnikka
	Past	찌셨느냐 jjisyeonneunya	찌셨어 jjisyeosseo	찌셨어요 jjisyeosseoyo	찌셨습니까 jjisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		찌시라 jjisira	찌셔 jjisyeo	찌세요 jjiseyo	찌십시오 jjisipsio
Assertive		찌시겠다 jjisigetda	찌시겠어 jjisigesseo	찌시겠어요 jjisigesseoyo	찌시겠습니다 jjisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		찌셔 jjisyeo	찌셔서 jjisyeoseo	찌시니 jjisini	찌시니까 jjisinikka
Contrast		찌시지만 jjisijiman	찌시는데 jjisineunde	찌시더니 jjisideoni
Conjunction		찌시고 jjisigo
Condition		찌시면 jjisimyeon	찌셔야 jjisyeoya
Motive		찌시려고 jjisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		찌심 jjisim	찌시기 jjisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		찌셨음 jjisyeosseum	찌셨기 jjisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	찌신 jjisin
	Present	찌시는 jjisineun
	Future	찌실 jjisil

Etymology 4

Presumably a palatalised form of the standard word.

Verb

찌다 • (jjida) (infinitive 쪄 or 찌어, sequential 찌니)

1. (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to insert, fasten”)
   • 1982 February 11, 송영백, “글 잘 하는 아이”, in 한국구비문학대계‎^[1], 충청북도 부여군 충화면:

     하루는 책을 옆이 찌구 서당이를 가느라닝게.

     Haru-neun chaeg-eul yeop-i jji-gu seodang-i-reul ga-neura-ningge.

     Because in the day the boy would fasten his books next to him [in the pouch] and head off to the village school.

2. (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to wear, put on (glasses, gloves, rings)”)
3. (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to fold, cross (arms of hands)”)
4. (Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to keep close, go alongside”)
   • 1984 July 11, 김영애, “지하 도적잡고 용왕국에서 얻은 연적”, in 한국구비문학대계‎^[2], 경상북도 선산군 고아면 (현 구미시 고아읍):

     저 장수가 서울 정승의 딸을 둘을 옆에다 쪄고 날라가더래여.

     Jeo jangsu-ga seoul jeongseung-ui ttar-eul dur-eul yeop-eda jjeo-go nallagadeoraeyeo.

     The general said that the minister of Seoul flew away alongside his two daughters.