즐비하다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]즐비(櫛比) (jeulbi, Sino-Korean root) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɯɭbiɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [즐비하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jeulbihada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jeulbihada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chŭlbihada |
| Yale Romanization? | cul.pihata |
Adjective
[edit]즐비하다 • (jeulbihada) (infinitive 즐비해 or 즐비하여, sequential 즐비하니, hanja 櫛比하다)
- to stand closely side by side; to pack, to teem
- (figurative) to be numerous
- 2021 October 6, 오형규 [ohyeonggyu, O Hyeong-gyu], “[오형규 칼럼] "외우기만 한 공부가 나라 망쳤다" [[ohyeonggyu kalleom] oe'ugiman han gongbuga nara mangcheotda"]”, in hankyung.com[1], Korea Economic Daily:
- 수출 덕에 덜 심각해 보일 뿐이지 경기 부진, 공급망 대란, 주가 급락 등 위기 징후가 즐비하다.
- Suchul deog-e deol simgak-hae boil ppun-iji gyeonggi bujin, gonggeummang daeran, juga geumnak deung wigi jinghu-ga jeulbihada.
- It is only that the exports make it appear less serious; there are countless signs of crisis, such as a sluggish economy, supply chain crises, and rapid stock downfalls.
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 즐비하다 jeulbihada |
즐비해 jeulbihae |
즐비해요 jeulbihaeyo |
즐비합니다 jeulbihamnida |
| Past | 즐비했다 jeulbihaetda |
즐비했어 jeulbihaesseo |
즐비했어요 jeulbihaesseoyo |
즐비했습니다 jeulbihaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 즐비하냐 jeulbihanya |
즐비해 jeulbihae |
즐비해요 jeulbihaeyo |
즐비합니까 jeulbihamnikka |
| Past | 즐비했냐 jeulbihaennya |
즐비했어 jeulbihaesseo |
즐비했어요 jeulbihaesseoyo |
즐비했습니까 jeulbihaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 즐비하겠다 jeulbihagetda |
즐비하겠어 jeulbihagesseo |
즐비하겠어요 jeulbihagesseoyo |
즐비하겠습니다 jeulbihagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 즐비해 jeulbihae |
즐비해서, 즐비하여서 jeulbihaeseo, jeulbihayeoseo |
즐비하니 jeulbihani |
즐비하니까 jeulbihanikka | |
| Contrast | 즐비하지만 jeulbihajiman |
즐비한데 jeulbihande |
즐비하더니 jeulbihadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 즐비하고 jeulbihago |
||||
| Condition | 즐비하면 jeulbihamyeon |
즐비해야, 즐비하여야 jeulbihaeya, jeulbihayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 즐비함 jeulbiham |
즐비하기 jeulbihagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 즐비했음, 즐비하였음 jeulbihaesseum, jeulbihayeosseum |
즐비했기, 즐비하였기 jeulbihaetgi, jeulbihayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 즐비한 jeulbihan | |||
| Future | 즐비할 jeulbihal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 즐비하시다 jeulbihasida |
즐비하셔 jeulbihasyeo |
즐비하세요, 즐비하셔요 jeulbihaseyo, jeulbihasyeoyo |
즐비하십니다 jeulbihasimnida |
| Past | 즐비하셨다 jeulbihasyeotda |
즐비하셨어 jeulbihasyeosseo |
즐비하셨어요 jeulbihasyeosseoyo |
즐비하셨습니다 jeulbihasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 즐비하시냐 jeulbihasinya |
즐비하셔 jeulbihasyeo |
즐비하세요, 즐비하셔요 jeulbihaseyo, jeulbihasyeoyo |
즐비하십니까 jeulbihasimnikka |
| Past | 즐비하셨냐 jeulbihasyeonnya |
즐비하셨어 jeulbihasyeosseo |
즐비하셨어요 jeulbihasyeosseoyo |
즐비하셨습니까 jeulbihasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 즐비하시겠다 jeulbihasigetda |
즐비하시겠어 jeulbihasigesseo |
즐비하시겠어요 jeulbihasigesseoyo |
즐비하시겠습니다 jeulbihasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 즐비하셔 jeulbihasyeo |
즐비하셔서 jeulbihasyeoseo |
즐비하시니 jeulbihasini |
즐비하시니까 jeulbihasinikka | |
| Contrast | 즐비하시지만 jeulbihasijiman |
즐비하신데 jeulbihasinde |
즐비하시더니 jeulbihasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 즐비하시고 jeulbihasigo |
||||
| Condition | 즐비하시면 jeulbihasimyeon |
즐비하셔야 jeulbihasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 즐비하심 jeulbihasim |
즐비하시기 jeulbihasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 즐비하셨음 jeulbihasyeosseum |
즐비하셨기 jeulbihasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 즐비하신 jeulbihasin | |||
| Future | 즐비하실 jeulbihasil | ||||