서늘하다

Korean

Etymology

서늘 (seoneul, “chilliness”, root not used in isolation) +‎ 하다 (-hada, light verb deriving adjectives).

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 서〮늘〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: sénúl-hòtá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹nɯɾɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [서늘하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	seoneulhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	seoneulhada
McCune–Reischauer?	sŏnŭrhada
Yale Romanization?	senul.hata

Adjective

서늘하다 • (seoneulhada) (infinitive 서늘해 or 서늘하여, sequential 서늘하니)

1. (of the weather, of a breeze, etc.) to be cool, to be rather chilly

   Synonym: (literary) 서느럽다 (seoneureopda)

2. (of an attitude) to be cool, to be cold

   Synonyms: 냉담(冷淡)하다 (naengdamhada), 냉랭(冷冷)하다 (naengnaenghada)

3. to be beautiful in a pure, austere sort of way

Usage notes

• 서늘하다 (seoneulhada) is colder than 시원하다 (siwonhada, “to be cool”) and 선선하다 (seonseonhada, “to be cool”) but warmer than 쌀쌀하다 (ssalssalhada, “to be chilly”).

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 서늘하다 (seoneulhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	서늘한다 seoneulhanda	서늘해 seoneulhae	서늘해요 seoneulhaeyo	서늘합니다 seoneulhamnida
	Past	서늘했다 seoneulhaetda	서늘했어 seoneulhaesseo	서늘했어요 seoneulhaesseoyo	서늘했습니다 seoneulhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	서늘하느냐 seoneulhaneunya	서늘해 seoneulhae	서늘해요 seoneulhaeyo	서늘합니까 seoneulhamnikka
	Past	서늘했느냐 seoneulhaenneunya	서늘했어 seoneulhaesseo	서늘했어요 seoneulhaesseoyo	서늘했습니까 seoneulhaetseumnikka
Hortative		서늘하자 seoneulhaja	서늘해 seoneulhae	서늘해요 seoneulhaeyo	서늘하십시다 seoneulhasipsida
Imperative		서늘해라, 서늘하여라 seoneulhaera, seoneulhayeora	서늘해 seoneulhae	서늘해요 seoneulhaeyo	서늘합시오 seoneulhapsio
Assertive		서늘하겠다 seoneulhagetda	서늘하겠어 seoneulhagesseo	서늘하겠어요 seoneulhagesseoyo	서늘하겠습니다 seoneulhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		서늘해 seoneulhae	서늘해서, 서늘하여서 seoneulhaeseo, seoneulhayeoseo	서늘하니 seoneulhani	서늘하니까 seoneulhanikka
Contrast		서늘하지만 seoneulhajiman	서늘하는데 seoneulhaneunde	서늘하더니 seoneulhadeoni
Conjunction		서늘하고 seoneulhago
Condition		서늘하면 seoneulhamyeon	서늘해야, 서늘하여야 seoneulhaeya, seoneulhayeoya
Motive		서늘하려고 seoneulharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		서늘함 seoneulham	서늘하기 seoneulhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		서늘했음, 서늘하였음 seoneulhaesseum, seoneulhayeosseum	서늘했기, 서늘하였기 seoneulhaetgi, seoneulhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	서늘한 seoneulhan
	Present	서늘하는 seoneulhaneun
	Future	서늘할 seoneulhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	서늘하신다 seoneulhasinda	서늘하셔 seoneulhasyeo	서늘하세요, 서늘하셔요 seoneulhaseyo, seoneulhasyeoyo	서늘하십니다 seoneulhasimnida
	Past	서늘하셨다 seoneulhasyeotda	서늘하셨어 seoneulhasyeosseo	서늘하셨어요 seoneulhasyeosseoyo	서늘하셨습니다 seoneulhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	서늘하시느냐 seoneulhasineunya	서늘하셔 seoneulhasyeo	서늘하세요, 서늘하셔요 seoneulhaseyo, seoneulhasyeoyo	서늘하십니까 seoneulhasimnikka
	Past	서늘하셨느냐 seoneulhasyeonneunya	서늘하셨어 seoneulhasyeosseo	서늘하셨어요 seoneulhasyeosseoyo	서늘하셨습니까 seoneulhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		서늘하시라 seoneulhasira	서늘하셔 seoneulhasyeo	서늘하세요 seoneulhaseyo	서늘하십시오 seoneulhasipsio
Assertive		서늘하시겠다 seoneulhasigetda	서늘하시겠어 seoneulhasigesseo	서늘하시겠어요 seoneulhasigesseoyo	서늘하시겠습니다 seoneulhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		서늘하셔 seoneulhasyeo	서늘하셔서 seoneulhasyeoseo	서늘하시니 seoneulhasini	서늘하시니까 seoneulhasinikka
Contrast		서늘하시지만 seoneulhasijiman	서늘하시는데 seoneulhasineunde	서늘하시더니 seoneulhasideoni
Conjunction		서늘하시고 seoneulhasigo
Condition		서늘하시면 seoneulhasimyeon	서늘하셔야 seoneulhasyeoya
Motive		서늘하시려고 seoneulhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		서늘하심 seoneulhasim	서늘하시기 seoneulhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		서늘하셨음 seoneulhasyeosseum	서늘하셨기 seoneulhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	서늘하신 seoneulhasin
	Present	서늘하시는 seoneulhasineun
	Future	서늘하실 seoneulhasil

Derived terms

• 간담이 서늘하다 (gandami seoneulhada)