끄르다
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 그르다〮 (Yale: kùlù-tá).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈ɯɾɯda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [끄르다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkeureuda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkeuleuda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkŭrŭda |
| Yale Romanization? | kkuluta |
Verb
[edit]끄르다 • (kkeureuda) (infinitive 끌러, sequential 끄르니) (transitive)
- to untie, to loosen, to unpack
- Synonym: (now more common) 풀다 (pulda)
- c. 1900 (pub. 1940), 이고본 춘향전/李古本 春香傳 [Yi's old edition of the Chunhyangjeon], pages 220—221:
- 남가여혼 첫날밤에 신랑신부 서로 만나 금슬우지 즐길 때에 신부를 벗기려면 큰머리, 화관족두리, 금봉차, 월귀탄 벗겨놓고, 웃저고리, 웃치마, 단속곳, 바지끈 끌러 벗긴 후에 신랑이 나중 벗고 신부를 안아다가 이불 속에 안고 누워 […]
- namgayeohon cheonnalbam-e sillangsinbu seoro manna geumseuruji jeulgil ttae-e sinbu-reul beotgiryeomyeon keunmeori, hwagwanjokduri, geumbongcha, wolgwitan beotgyeonoko, utjeogori, utchima, dansokgot, bajikkeun kkeulleo beotgin hu-e sillang-i najung beotgo sinbu-reul anadaga ibul sog-e an'go nuwo [ … ]
- On the first night of a man's marriage to a woman, when the groom and the bride meet each other and enjoy their marital intimacy, if he would undress the bride, he should take off her wig, flower-decorated bridal crown, phoenix-shaped gold hairpin, and her earrings, and then loosen and take off her upper garment, skirt, pettycoat, and belt; then afterwards the groom should undress himself, and then embrace the bride and lie down under the sheets, embracing her […]
- 2017, 곽은정 [gwageunjeong], “늦은 고백 [neujeun gobaek, A late confession]”, in Sungmyeong munhak[1], volume 5, pages 216—232:
- 숨을 고르며 셔츠의 단추를 끄르고 망가진 채 바닥에 뒹구는 돌을 바라보면서 나는 비로소 무참해졌다.
- Sum-eul goreumyeo syeocheu-ui danchu-reul kkeureugo manggajin chae badag-e dwingguneun dor-eul barabomyeonseo na-neun biroso muchamhaejeotda.
- As I caught my breath and unbuttoned my shirt, looking at the [pieces of] stone that rolled about brokenly, I finally became ashamed.
- to unlock
- Synonym: (now more common) 풀다 (pulda)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 끄른다 kkeureunda |
끌러 kkeulleo |
끌러요 kkeulleoyo |
끄릅니다 kkeureumnida |
| Past | 끌렀다 kkeulleotda |
끌렀어 kkeulleosseo |
끌렀어요 kkeulleosseoyo |
끌렀습니다 kkeulleotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 끄르느냐 kkeureuneunya |
끌러 kkeulleo |
끌러요 kkeulleoyo |
끄릅니까 kkeureumnikka |
| Past | 끌렀느냐 kkeulleonneunya |
끌렀어 kkeulleosseo |
끌렀어요 kkeulleosseoyo |
끌렀습니까 kkeulleotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 끄르자 kkeureuja |
끌러 kkeulleo |
끌러요 kkeulleoyo |
끄르십시다 kkeureusipsida | |
| Imperative | 끌러라 kkeulleora |
끌러 kkeulleo |
끌러요 kkeulleoyo |
끄릅시오 kkeureupsio | |
| Assertive | 끄르겠다 kkeureugetda |
끄르겠어 kkeureugesseo |
끄르겠어요 kkeureugesseoyo |
끄르겠습니다 kkeureugetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 끌러 kkeulleo |
끌러서 kkeulleoseo |
끄르니 kkeureuni |
끄르니까 kkeureunikka | |
| Contrast | 끄르지만 kkeureujiman |
끄르는데 kkeureuneunde |
끄르더니 kkeureudeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 끄르고 kkeureugo |
||||
| Condition | 끄르면 kkeureumyeon |
끌러야 kkeulleoya |
|||
| Motive | 끄르려고 kkeureuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 끄름 kkeureum |
끄르기 kkeureugi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 끌렀음 kkeulleosseum |
끌렀기 kkeulleotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 끄른 kkeureun | |||
| Present | 끄르는 kkeureuneun | ||||
| Future | 끄를 kkeureul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 끄르신다 kkeureusinda |
끄르셔 kkeureusyeo |
끄르세요, 끄르셔요 kkeureuseyo, kkeureusyeoyo |
끄르십니다 kkeureusimnida |
| Past | 끄르셨다 kkeureusyeotda |
끄르셨어 kkeureusyeosseo |
끄르셨어요 kkeureusyeosseoyo |
끄르셨습니다 kkeureusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 끄르시느냐 kkeureusineunya |
끄르셔 kkeureusyeo |
끄르세요, 끄르셔요 kkeureuseyo, kkeureusyeoyo |
끄르십니까 kkeureusimnikka |
| Past | 끄르셨느냐 kkeureusyeonneunya |
끄르셨어 kkeureusyeosseo |
끄르셨어요 kkeureusyeosseoyo |
끄르셨습니까 kkeureusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 끄르시라 kkeureusira |
끄르셔 kkeureusyeo |
끄르세요 kkeureuseyo |
끄르십시오 kkeureusipsio | |
| Assertive | 끄르시겠다 kkeureusigetda |
끄르시겠어 kkeureusigesseo |
끄르시겠어요 kkeureusigesseoyo |
끄르시겠습니다 kkeureusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 끄르셔 kkeureusyeo |
끄르셔서 kkeureusyeoseo |
끄르시니 kkeureusini |
끄르시니까 kkeureusinikka | |
| Contrast | 끄르시지만 kkeureusijiman |
끄르시는데 kkeureusineunde |
끄르시더니 kkeureusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 끄르시고 kkeureusigo |
||||
| Condition | 끄르시면 kkeureusimyeon |
끄르셔야 kkeureusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 끄르시려고 kkeureusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 끄르심 kkeureusim |
끄르시기 kkeureusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 끄르셨음 kkeureusyeosseum |
끄르셨기 kkeureusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 끄르신 kkeureusin | |||
| Present | 끄르시는 kkeureusineun | ||||
| Future | 끄르실 kkeureusil | ||||