깨끗하다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆺᄀᆞᆺᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: kòskòs-hòtá). Equivalent to 깨끗 (kkaekkeut) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [k͈ɛk͈ɯtʰa̠da̠] ~ [k͈e̞k͈ɯtʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [깨끄타다/께끄타다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kkaekkeuthada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kkae'kkeushada
McCune–Reischauer?	kkaekkŭthada
Yale Romanization?	kkay.kkushata

Adjective

깨끗하다 • (kkaekkeuthada) (infinitive 깨끗해 or 깨끗하여, sequential 깨끗하니)

1. to be clean

   Antonym: 더럽다 (deoreopda, “to be dirty”)

   존슨은 "그것이 얼마나 많이 녹느냐에 따라서, 많은 깨끗한 물이 지역을 떠나서 대양으로 향하게 될 것이며, 이는 식수와 음식의 안전에 심각한 충격을 줄 것이다"라고 한다.

   Jonseun-eun geugeos-i eolmana mani nong-neunya-e ttara-seo, maneun kkaekkeut-han mur-i jiyeog-eul tteona-seo daeyang-euro hyang-hage doel geos-i-myeo, i-neun siksu-wa eumsig-ui anjeon-e simgak-han chunggyeog-eul jul geos-ida-rago handa.

   Johnson said, “Depending on how it melts, a lot of the freshwater will be leaving the region for the ocean, which will have severe impacts on water and food security."

   2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns (The original sentence in English)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨끗하다 kkaekkeuthada	깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae	깨끗해요 kkaekkeuthaeyo	깨끗합니다 kkaekkeuthamnida
	Past	깨끗했다 kkaekkeuthaetda	깨끗했어 kkaekkeuthaesseo	깨끗했어요 kkaekkeuthaesseoyo	깨끗했습니다 kkaekkeuthaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨끗하냐 kkaekkeuthanya	깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae	깨끗해요 kkaekkeuthaeyo	깨끗합니까 kkaekkeuthamnikka
	Past	깨끗했냐 kkaekkeuthaennya	깨끗했어 kkaekkeuthaesseo	깨끗했어요 kkaekkeuthaesseoyo	깨끗했습니까 kkaekkeuthaetseumnikka
Assertive		깨끗하겠다 kkaekkeuthagetda	깨끗하겠어 kkaekkeuthagesseo	깨끗하겠어요 kkaekkeuthagesseoyo	깨끗하겠습니다 kkaekkeuthagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae	깨끗해서, 깨끗하여서 kkaekkeuthaeseo, kkaekkeuthayeoseo	깨끗하니 kkaekkeuthani	깨끗하니까 kkaekkeuthanikka
Contrast		깨끗하지만 kkaekkeuthajiman	깨끗한데 kkaekkeuthande	깨끗하더니 kkaekkeuthadeoni
Conjunction		깨끗하고 kkaekkeuthago
Condition		깨끗하면 kkaekkeuthamyeon	깨끗해야, 깨끗하여야 kkaekkeuthaeya, kkaekkeuthayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		깨끗함 kkaekkeutham	깨끗하기 kkaekkeuthagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨끗했음, 깨끗하였음 kkaekkeuthaesseum, kkaekkeuthayeosseum	깨끗했기, 깨끗하였기 kkaekkeuthaetgi, kkaekkeuthayeotgi
Determiners	Present		깨끗한 kkaekkeuthan
	Future		깨끗할 kkaekkeuthal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨끗하시다 kkaekkeuthasida	깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo	깨끗하세요, 깨끗하셔요 kkaekkeuthaseyo, kkaekkeuthasyeoyo	깨끗하십니다 kkaekkeuthasimnida
	Past	깨끗하셨다 kkaekkeuthasyeotda	깨끗하셨어 kkaekkeuthasyeosseo	깨끗하셨어요 kkaekkeuthasyeosseoyo	깨끗하셨습니다 kkaekkeuthasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨끗하시냐 kkaekkeuthasinya	깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo	깨끗하세요, 깨끗하셔요 kkaekkeuthaseyo, kkaekkeuthasyeoyo	깨끗하십니까 kkaekkeuthasimnikka
	Past	깨끗하셨냐 kkaekkeuthasyeonnya	깨끗하셨어 kkaekkeuthasyeosseo	깨끗하셨어요 kkaekkeuthasyeosseoyo	깨끗하셨습니까 kkaekkeuthasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		깨끗하시겠다 kkaekkeuthasigetda	깨끗하시겠어 kkaekkeuthasigesseo	깨끗하시겠어요 kkaekkeuthasigesseoyo	깨끗하시겠습니다 kkaekkeuthasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo	깨끗하셔서 kkaekkeuthasyeoseo	깨끗하시니 kkaekkeuthasini	깨끗하시니까 kkaekkeuthasinikka
Contrast		깨끗하시지만 kkaekkeuthasijiman	깨끗하신데 kkaekkeuthasinde	깨끗하시더니 kkaekkeuthasideoni
Conjunction		깨끗하시고 kkaekkeuthasigo
Condition		깨끗하시면 kkaekkeuthasimyeon	깨끗하셔야 kkaekkeuthasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		깨끗하심 kkaekkeuthasim	깨끗하시기 kkaekkeuthasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨끗하셨음 kkaekkeuthasyeosseum	깨끗하셨기 kkaekkeuthasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		깨끗하신 kkaekkeuthasin
	Future		깨끗하실 kkaekkeuthasil

Related terms

• 깨끗이 (kkaekkeusi, “in a clean fashion; cleanly”)