감기다

Korean

Etymology 1

감다 (gamda, “to close (eyes)”) +‎ 기 (-gi-, passive suffix).

First attested in the 증수무원록언해, 1796, as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞᆷ기다 (Yale: kamki-ta).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠mɡida̠]
Phonetic hangul: [감기다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gamgida
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gamgida
McCune–Reischauer^?	kamgida
Yale Romanization^?	kamkita

Verb

Korean verb set
Base	감다 (gamda)
Causative	감기다 (gamgida)
Passive	감기다 (gamgida)

감기다 • (gamgida) (infinitive 감겨 or 감기어, sequential 감기니)

(intransitive) to close (of eyes)
졸려서 눈 이 감겨요. ― Jollyeoseo nun-i gamgyeo-yo. ― My eyes are closing because I'm sleepy.

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 감기다 (gamgida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	감긴다 gamginda	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁니다 gamgimnida
Indicative	Past	감겼다 gamgyeotda	감겼어 gamgyeosseo	감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo	감겼습니다 gamgyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	감기느냐 gamgineunya	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁니까 gamgimnikka
Interrogative	Past	감겼느냐 gamgyeonneunya	감겼어 gamgyeosseo	감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo	감겼습니까 gamgyeotseumnikka
Hortative		감기자 gamgija	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감기십시다 gamgisipsida
Imperative		감겨라, 감기어라 gamgyeora, gamgieora	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁시오 gamgipsio
Assertive		감기겠다 gamgigetda	감기겠어 gamgigesseo	감기겠어요 gamgigesseoyo	감기겠습니다 gamgigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		감겨 gamgyeo	감겨서, 감기어서 gamgyeoseo, gamgieoseo	감기니 gamgini	감기니까 gamginikka
Contrast		감기지만 gamgijiman	감기는데 gamgineunde	감기더니 gamgideoni
Conjunction		감기고 gamgigo
Condition		감기면 gamgimyeon	감겨야, 감기어야 gamgyeoya, gamgieoya
Motive		감기려고 gamgiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		감김 gamgim	감기기 gamgigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		감겼음, 감기었음 gamgyeosseum, gamgieosseum	감겼기, 감기었기 gamgyeotgi, gamgieotgi
Determiners	Past	감긴 gamgin
	Present	감기는 gamgineun
	Future	감길 gamgil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	감기신다 gamgisinda	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo	감기십니다 gamgisimnida
Indicative	Past	감기셨다 gamgisyeotda	감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo	감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo	감기셨습니다 gamgisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	감기시느냐 gamgisineunya	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo	감기십니까 gamgisimnikka
Interrogative	Past	감기셨느냐 gamgisyeonneunya	감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo	감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo	감기셨습니까 gamgisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		감기시라 gamgisira	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요 gamgiseyo	감기십시오 gamgisipsio
Assertive		감기시겠다 gamgisigetda	감기시겠어 gamgisigesseo	감기시겠어요 gamgisigesseoyo	감기시겠습니다 gamgisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기셔서 gamgisyeoseo	감기시니 gamgisini	감기시니까 gamgisinikka
Contrast		감기시지만 gamgisijiman	감기시는데 gamgisineunde	감기시더니 gamgisideoni
Conjunction		감기시고 gamgisigo
Condition		감기시면 gamgisimyeon	감기셔야 gamgisyeoya
Motive		감기시려고 gamgisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		감기심 gamgisim	감기시기 gamgisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		감기셨음 gamgisyeosseum	감기셨기 gamgisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	감기신 gamgisin
	Present	감기시는 gamgisineun
	Future	감기실 gamgisil

Etymology 2

감다 (gamda, “to wrap around”) +‎ 기 (-gi-, passive suffix).

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 감기다 (Yale: kamki-ta).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠mɡida̠]
Phonetic hangul: [감기다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gamgida
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gamgida
McCune–Reischauer^?	kamgida
Yale Romanization^?	kamkita

Verb

감기다 • (gamgida) (infinitive 감겨 or 감기어, sequential 감기니)

(intransitive) to be wrapped around
박스에 테이프가 감겨 있어요. ― Bakseu-e teipeu-ga gamgyeo iss-eoyo. ― Tape is wrapped around the box.

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 감기다 (gamgida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	감긴다 gamginda	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁니다 gamgimnida
Indicative	Past	감겼다 gamgyeotda	감겼어 gamgyeosseo	감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo	감겼습니다 gamgyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	감기느냐 gamgineunya	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁니까 gamgimnikka
Interrogative	Past	감겼느냐 gamgyeonneunya	감겼어 gamgyeosseo	감겼어요 gamgyeosseoyo	감겼습니까 gamgyeotseumnikka
Hortative		감기자 gamgija	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감기십시다 gamgisipsida
Imperative		감겨라, 감기어라 gamgyeora, gamgieora	감겨 gamgyeo	감겨요, 감기어요 gamgyeoyo, gamgieoyo	감깁시오 gamgipsio
Assertive		감기겠다 gamgigetda	감기겠어 gamgigesseo	감기겠어요 gamgigesseoyo	감기겠습니다 gamgigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		감겨 gamgyeo	감겨서, 감기어서 gamgyeoseo, gamgieoseo	감기니 gamgini	감기니까 gamginikka
Contrast		감기지만 gamgijiman	감기는데 gamgineunde	감기더니 gamgideoni
Conjunction		감기고 gamgigo
Condition		감기면 gamgimyeon	감겨야, 감기어야 gamgyeoya, gamgieoya
Motive		감기려고 gamgiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		감김 gamgim	감기기 gamgigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		감겼음, 감기었음 gamgyeosseum, gamgieosseum	감겼기, 감기었기 gamgyeotgi, gamgieotgi
Determiners	Past	감긴 gamgin
	Present	감기는 gamgineun
	Future	감길 gamgil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	감기신다 gamgisinda	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo	감기십니다 gamgisimnida
Indicative	Past	감기셨다 gamgisyeotda	감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo	감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo	감기셨습니다 gamgisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	감기시느냐 gamgisineunya	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요, 감기셔요 gamgiseyo, gamgisyeoyo	감기십니까 gamgisimnikka
Interrogative	Past	감기셨느냐 gamgisyeonneunya	감기셨어 gamgisyeosseo	감기셨어요 gamgisyeosseoyo	감기셨습니까 gamgisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		감기시라 gamgisira	감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기세요 gamgiseyo	감기십시오 gamgisipsio
Assertive		감기시겠다 gamgisigetda	감기시겠어 gamgisigesseo	감기시겠어요 gamgisigesseoyo	감기시겠습니다 gamgisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		감기셔 gamgisyeo	감기셔서 gamgisyeoseo	감기시니 gamgisini	감기시니까 gamgisinikka
Contrast		감기시지만 gamgisijiman	감기시는데 gamgisineunde	감기시더니 gamgisideoni
Conjunction		감기시고 gamgisigo
Condition		감기시면 gamgisimyeon	감기셔야 gamgisyeoya
Motive		감기시려고 gamgisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		감기심 gamgisim	감기시기 gamgisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		감기셨음 gamgisyeosseum	감기셨기 gamgisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	감기신 gamgisin
	Present	감기시는 gamgisineun
	Future	감기실 gamgisil

Middle Korean

Etymology

감〯다〮 (kǎmtá, “to wrap around”) +‎ 기 (-ki-, passive suffix).

Pronunciation

(Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽kàmkítá⫽

Verb

감기〮다〮 (kàmkítá) (infinitive 감겨〮, sequential 감기〮니〮)

(intransitive) to be wrapped around
- 1459, 구급간이방언해 (Gugeup Ganibang Eonhae), volume 6, page 49a:
  과ᄀᆞ리 ᄇᆡ얌 감겨 프디 몯ᄒᆞ거든 더운 믈로 저지라. 더운 믈옷 업거든 사ᄅᆞᆷ으로 오좀 누이라.
  kwakoli poyyam kamkye phu-ti mwotho-ketun tew-un mul-lwo ceci-la. tew-un mul-wos ep-ketun salom-ulwo wocwom nwui-la.
  If you are suddenly wrapped around by a snake and cannot loosen it, make it wet with hot water. If you do not have hot water, then make a person urinate on it.

Descendants

Korean: 감기다 (gamgida)