ꜥq

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕaːqʼ/ → /ʕoːqʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕaːqʼ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕaːqʼ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕaːqʼ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʕoːqʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːk/
  • Conventional anglicization: aq

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to enter (+ m: into; + r: to (a person); + ḥr: before or through; + n: to)
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 174–175:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) ꜥq.kw ḥr jtj mz.n.j n.f jnw pn jn.n.j m ẖnw n(j) jw pn

     Then I entered before the sovereign and presented him with those gifts (literally, “this getting”) that I had gotten within that island.

2. (intransitive, of the sun) to set

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥq (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜥq, geminated stem: ꜥqq

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜥq ꜥqw, ꜥq ꜥqt ꜥq, j.ꜥq ꜥq, j.ꜥq ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜥq ḥr ꜥq m ꜥq r ꜥq suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ꜥq.n consecutive ꜥq.jn terminative ꜥqt perfective3 ꜥq obligative1 ꜥq.ḫr imperfective ꜥq, j.ꜥq1 prospective3 ꜥq potentialis1 ꜥq.kꜣ subjunctive ꜥq, j.ꜥq1 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ꜥq.n — — perfective ꜥq ꜥq ꜥqq, ꜥqqj6, ꜥq2, ꜥqw2 5, ꜥqy2 5 imperfective j.ꜥq1, ꜥq, ꜥqy, ꜥqw5 j.ꜥq1, j.ꜥqw1 5, ꜥq, ꜥqj6, ꜥqy6 ꜥq, ꜥqw5 prospective ꜥq, ꜥqtj7 ꜥqtj4, ꜥqt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• ꜥq-jb
• ꜥqy
• ꜥqyt
• ꜥqw
• sꜥq

References

• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 75, 83