ꜥnḫ

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nh"

Egyptian

(verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʕaːnaχ/ → /ˈʕaːnaχ/ → /ˈʕaːnəχ/ → /ˈʕoːnəχ/

(noun meaning ‘oath’): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʕaˈnaχ/ → /ʕaˈnaχ/ → /ʕaˈnaχ/ → /ʕaˈnaχ/^[1]

3-lit.

(intransitive) to live, to be(come) alive
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 113–114:
  
  m.k nṯr rḏj.n.f ꜥnḫ.k jn.f tw r jw pn n(j) kꜣ
  Look, the god, he has let you live, as he has brought you to this island of the ka.
1. (+ m) to subsist or live on (something)
2. (+ m) to dwell in (some place)
3. (+ ḥr) to occupy (a throne) or dwell in (a foreign land)
(intransitive, of the dead) to come to life or live again after death in an afterlife
(intransitive, figuratively) to ‘come to life’ (wake up or regain liveliness) upon the rising of the sun or upon seeing the sun
(intransitive, figuratively) to ‘come to life’ whenever one’s name is pronounced
(intransitive, of a name) to still be remembered
(intransitive, especially of body parts) to be vigorous or full of vitality
(intransitive, medicine, of food) to be fresh
(intransitive, as a non-attributive relative/emphatic form) used in introductory formulae for oaths, usually with a king or god as subject: As long as … lives, … [since the Old Kingdom]
used at the beginning of inscriptions before the names of kings and gods: originally ‘May … live’, later meaningless [meaningless since the 18th Dynasty]

Conjugation of ꜥnḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥnḫ, geminated stem: ꜥnḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
ꜥnḫ	ꜥnḫw, ꜥnḫ	ꜥnḫt	ꜥnḫ	ꜥnḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
ꜥnḫ	ḥr ꜥnḫ	m ꜥnḫ	r ꜥnḫ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜥnḫ.n	—	—
perfective	ꜥnḫ	ꜥnḫ	ꜥnḫ, ꜥnḫw⁵, ꜥnḫy⁵
imperfective	ꜥnḫ, ꜥnḫy, ꜥnḫw⁵	ꜥnḫ, ꜥnḫj⁶, ꜥnḫy⁶	ꜥnḫ, ꜥnḫw⁵
prospective	ꜥnḫ, ꜥnḫtj⁷	ꜥnḫtj⁴, ꜥnḫt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥnḫ

ꜥnḫ

[New Kingdom]

[Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]

when used at the start
of inscriptions/before
divine/royal names