ꜣmm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/ → /ʀaˈmam/ → /ʔəˈmam/ → /ʔəˈmam/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʀaˈmam/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈmam/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔəˈmam/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑmɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: amem

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) to grasp, to physically seize (a person or thing; + m: with (one’s hand)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive, of animals) to seize as prey (+ r: to attack as prey)
3. (transitive) to fold or clench together (one’s hands) [26th Dynasty]
4. (transitive) to take (+ n: to, for (oneself)) [Offering Ritual and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜣm, geminated stem: ꜣmm

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜣmm8 ꜣmm ꜣmmt ꜣmm, ꜣm ꜣmm, ꜣm ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜣmm, ꜣm ḥr ꜣmm m ꜣmm r ꜣmm suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ꜣmm.n, ꜣm.n ꜣm consecutive ꜣm.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ꜣmmt perfective3 ꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ꜣmm.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ꜣmm active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ꜣmm ꜣmm potentialis1 ꜣm.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ꜣm.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ꜣm active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜣm ꜣm, ꜣmw5, ꜣmy5 imperfective ꜣmm, ꜣmmy, ꜣmmw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜣmm, ꜣmmj6, ꜣmmy6 ꜣmm, ꜣmmw5 prospective ꜣm, ꜣmtj7 — ꜣmmtj4, ꜣmmt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 ꜣm before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣmm  

ꜣmm	ꜣmm	ꜣm	jm	ꜣmm
	[18th Dynasty]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		inflected form	inflected form	abbreviation

Synonyms

• ḫfꜥ
• nḏrj
• jṯj

Derived terms

• ꜣm
• ꜣmmt
• ꜣmmw
• ꜣms

Noun

 m

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. grip, grasp [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣmm (masculine)

singular	ꜣmm
dual	ꜣmmwj
plural	ꜣmmw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 228, 290.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 10.17–10.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 3