餘杭

See also: 余杭

Chinese

		remainder	surname; Hangzhou
trad. (餘杭)		餘	杭
simp. (余杭)		余	杭

Etymology

Probably an Old Chinese transcription of an original Baiyue name, but folk etymologized as deriving from 禹航 (Yǔ Háng, “Yu's ferry”).

Li (1995) considers 餘 (OC *la) to be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”), whence Zhuang reih and Thai ไร่ (râi). Alternatively, Zhengzhang (1990) suggests it may be derived from Proto-Kam-Sui *ra (“field; farmland”), whence Southern Kam jav (/⁠ja⁵⁠/), Sui qxgas (/⁠ʔɣa⁵⁠/), Maonan yras (/⁠ʔja⁵⁠/). This element is also seen in 餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Yúháng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄏㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ hong⁴
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yu-ghaon₆

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Yúháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄏㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Yúháng
    • Wade–Giles: Yü²-hang²
    • Yale: Yú-háng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yuharng
    • Palladius: Юйхан (Jujxan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ hong⁴
    • Yale: yùh hòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ hong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ hong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yu-ghaon₆
    • MiniDict: yu^去 ghaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-hhaan₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yo hang

Rime
Character	餘	杭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	以諸切	胡郎切
Baxter	yo	hang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/	/ɦɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/	/ɦɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/	/ɣɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/	/ɦaŋ/
Li Rong	/iɔ/	/ɣɑŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/	/ɣɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wo/	/ɣɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	háng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	hong4

Proper noun

餘杭

1. (historical) (～縣) Yuhang (a former county of Zhejiang, China)
2. (～區) Yuhang (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)