開元

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
trad. (開元)		開	元
simp. (开元)		开	元

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāiyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ jyun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khai-goân

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāiyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kaiyuán
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-yüan²
    • Yale: kāi-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaiyuan
    • Palladius: кайюань (kajjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ jyun⁴
    • Yale: hōi yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-goân
    • Tâi-lô: khai-guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qai'goaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khoj ngjwon

Rime
Character	開	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	苦哀切	愚袁切
Baxter	khoj	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāi	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi1	jyun4

Verb

開元

1. (literary) to start a new era

Proper noun

開元

1. era name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (713—741)

See also

• 天寶／天宝 (Tiānbǎo)