重んずる
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 重 |
| おも Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Regular shift in conjugation from Classical Japanese verb 重んず (omonzu), a phonetic shift from Classical Japanese 重みす (omomi su),[1][2][3][4] from 重 (omo, stem of adjective 重い (omoi, “heavy”)) + み (-mi) + す (su, “to do”),[5] where みす (-mi su) was a grammaticalised pattern meaning “treat (noun) as (adjective); find (noun) (adjective)”.[5] Literally, “to treat as heavy”. Compare the kango (漢語) 重視 (jūshi, “value, esteem, respect”), from 重 (“heavy; important”) + 視 (“to see”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) おもんずる [òmóńzúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[2][6]
- (Tokyo) おもんずる [òmóńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2][6]
- IPA(key): [o̞mõ̞nd͡zɨɾɯ̟]
Verb
[edit]重んずる • (omonzuru) transitive suru (stem 重んじ (omonji), past 重んじた (omonjita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "重んずる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 重んじ 重んぜ |
おもんじ おもんぜ |
omonji omonze | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 重んじ | おもんじ | omonji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 重んずる | おもんずる | omonzuru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 重んずる | おもんずる | omonzuru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 重んずれ | おもんずれ | omonzure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 重んぜよ¹ 重んじろ² |
おもんぜよ¹ おもんじろ² |
omonzeyo¹ omonjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 重んじられる 重んぜられる |
おもんじられる おもんぜられる |
omonjirareru omonzerareru | |
| Causative | 重んじさせる 重んじさす |
おもんじさせる おもんじさす |
omonjisaseru omonjisasu | |
| Potential | 重んじられる 重んぜられる |
おもんじられる おもんぜられる |
omonjirareru omonzerareru | |
| Volitional | 重んじよう | おもんじよう | omonjiyō | |
| Negative | 重んじない | おもんじない | omonjinai | |
| Negative continuative | 重んぜず | おもんぜず | omonzezu | |
| Formal | 重んじます | おもんじます | omonjimasu | |
| Perfective | 重んじた | おもんじた | omonjita | |
| Conjunctive | 重んじて | おもんじて | omonjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 重んずれば | おもんずれば | omonzureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 軽んずる (karonzuru)
Derived terms
[edit]- 重んじる (omonjiru)
References
[edit]- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 87
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN