尊ぶ
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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尊 |
とうと Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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貴ぶ |
Etymology
[edit]尊 (tōto, tatto, stem of 尊い (tōtoi, tattoi, “noble, exalted, sacred”)) + ぶ (-bu, “to act like”)[1][2]
The ぶ (-bu) suffix usually conjugated with the upper bigrade pattern (上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō)), and 尊ぶ conjugated this way in Old Japanese.[1][3] Since the Heian period, 尊ぶ shifted to conjugate using the classical yodan pattern, the precursor to the modern godan conjugation (五段活用 (godan katsuyō)).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「尊ぶ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
尊ぶ | とーとぶ | [tòótóꜜbù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 尊べ | とーとべ | [tòótóꜜbè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 尊ばれる | とーとばれる | [tòótóbáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 尊ばせる | とーとばせる | [tòótóbáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 尊べる | とーとべる | [tòótóbéꜜrù] |
Volitional | 尊ぼう | とーとぼー | [tòótóbóꜜò] |
Negative | 尊ばない | とーとばない | [tòótóbáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 尊ばなかった | とーとばなかった | [tòótóbáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 尊びます | とーとびます | [tòótóbímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 尊んだ | とーとんだ | [tòótóꜜǹdà] |
Conjunctive | 尊んで | とーとんで | [tòótóꜜǹdè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 尊べば | とーとべば | [tòótóꜜbèbà] |
Verb
[edit]尊ぶ or 尊ぶ • (tōtobu or tattobu) ←たふとぶ (tafutobu)?transitive godan (stem 尊び (tōtobi), past 尊んだ (tōtonda))
(alternative reading hiragana たっとぶ, rōmaji tattobu, historical hiragana たつとぶ)
- to respect, to value, to look up to
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "尊ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 尊ば | とうとば | tōtoba |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 尊び | とうとび | tōtobi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 尊ぶ | とうとぶ | tōtobu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 尊ぶ | とうとぶ | tōtobu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 尊べ | とうとべ | tōtobe |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 尊べ | とうとべ | tōtobe |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 尊ばれる | とうとばれる | tōtobareru |
Causative | 尊ばせる 尊ばす |
とうとばせる とうとばす |
tōtobaseru tōtobasu |
Potential | 尊べる | とうとべる | tōtoberu |
Volitional | 尊ぼう | とうとぼう | tōtobō |
Negative | 尊ばない | とうとばない | tōtobanai |
Negative continuative | 尊ばず | とうとばず | tōtobazu |
Formal | 尊びます | とうとびます | tōtobimasu |
Perfective | 尊んだ | とうとんだ | tōtonda |
Conjunctive | 尊んで | とうとんで | tōtonde |
Hypothetical conditional | 尊べば | とうとべば | tōtobeba |
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 卑しめる (iyashimeru, “to despise”)
- 蔑む (sagesumu, “to despise”)
- 軽んじる (karonjiru, “to despise”)
- 見下す (mikudasu, “to look down on”)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 尊 read as とうと
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms suffixed with ぶ
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -bu
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese words with multiple readings