酷薄

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
こく
Grade: S
はく
Grade: S
on'yomi kan'on
Alternative spelling
刻薄

Etymology

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Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刻薄 (MC khok bak). First attested in Japanese in 1439.[1]

After borrowing, the initial character in Japanese became more associated with cutting than with cruelty, leading to this character gradually being replaced with the homophonous and partially synonymous character .

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(こく)(はく) (kokuhaku-na (adnominal (こく)(はく) (kokuhaku na), adverbial (こく)(はく) (kokuhaku ni))

  1. [from 1439] cruel, inhumane, callous

Inflection

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Noun

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(こく)(はく) (kokuhaku

  1. [from 1439] cruelty, inhumaneness, callousness

References

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  1. ^ 酷薄・刻薄”, in 日本国語大辞典[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN