通商
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Chinese
[edit]go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open |
commerce; consult | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (通商) | 通 | 商 | |
simp. #(通商) | 通 | 商 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung1 soeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-sông
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thong-siong / thong-siang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tongshang
- Wade–Giles: tʻung1-shang1
- Yale: tūng-shāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongshang
- Palladius: туншан (tunšan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tung1 soeng1
- Yale: tūng sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung1 soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: tung1 sêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-sông
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˊ songˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung1 song1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siong
- Tâi-lô: thong-siong
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiofng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-siang
- Tâi-lô: thong-siang
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongsiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
[edit]通商
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 商 |
つう Grade: 2 |
しょう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]通商する • (tsūshō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通商し (tsūshō shi), past 通商した (tsūshō shita))
- engage in international trade
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "通商する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通商し | つうしょうし | tsūshō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通商する | つうしょうする | tsūshō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通商すれ | つうしょうすれ | tsūshō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 通商せよ¹ 通商しろ² |
つうしょうせよ¹ つうしょうしろ² |
tsūshō seyo¹ tsūshō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 通商される | つうしょうされる | tsūshō sareru | |
Causative | 通商させる 通商さす |
つうしょうさせる つうしょうさす |
tsūshō saseru tsūshō sasu | |
Potential | 通商できる | つうしょうできる | tsūshō dekiru | |
Volitional | 通商しよう | つうしょうしよう | tsūshō shiyō | |
Negative | 通商しない | つうしょうしない | tsūshō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 通商せず | つうしょうせず | tsūshō sezu | |
Formal | 通商します | つうしょうします | tsūshō shimasu | |
Perfective | 通商した | つうしょうした | tsūshō shita | |
Conjunctive | 通商して | つうしょうして | tsūshō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 通商すれば | つうしょうすれば | tsūshō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 商 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 通
- Chinese terms spelled with 商
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 通 read as つう
- Japanese terms spelled with 商 read as しょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
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