谷風

Chinese

		valley	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (谷風)		谷	風
simp. (谷风*)		谷	风
alternative forms		穀風／谷风

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔfēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄈㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ fung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔfēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄈㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔfong
    • Wade–Giles: ku³-fêng¹
    • Yale: gǔ-fēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guufeng
    • Palladius: гуфэн (gufɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹ fung¹
    • Yale: gūk fūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ fung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ fung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwk pjuwng

Rime
Character	谷	風
Reading #	1/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古禄切	方戎切
Baxter	kuwk	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuk̚/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk1	fung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok  prəm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ  plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	谷	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁok/	/*prəm/
English	valley	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷	風
Reading #	2/3	1/2
No.	4299	2921
Phonetic component	谷	凡
Rime group	屋	侵
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	穀	風
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/	/*plum/

Noun

谷風

1. (Classical) easterly; wind blowing from the east

   • 習習谷風，以陰以雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     习习谷风，以阴以雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Xíxí gǔfēng, yǐ yīn yǐ yǔ. [Pinyin]

     Gently blows the east wind, with cloudy skies and with rain.

2. (Classical) wind in the valley

Synonyms

• (easterly): 東風／东风 (dōngfēng)