誤る
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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誤 |
あやま Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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謬る (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]
This was originally just the intransitive counterpart to transitive verb ayamatsu (spelled either 過つ or 誤つ).[2] Both may derive from classical verb ayamu (spelled either 怪む or 危む), itself derived from stem aya related to ideas of danger, as in terms 危うい (ayaui, “risky, dangerous”), 怪しい (ayashii, “questionable, dubious; clumsy, awkward; foreboding (in a bad way); mysterious, bewitching”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「誤る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
誤る | あやまる | [àyámáꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 誤れ | あやまれ | [àyámáꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 誤られる | あやまられる | [àyámáráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 誤らせる | あやまらせる | [àyámáráséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 誤ろう | あやまろー | [àyámáróꜜò] |
Negative | 誤らない | あやまらない | [àyámáráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 誤らなかった | あやまらなかった | [àyámáráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 誤ります | あやまります | [àyámárímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 誤った | あやまった | [àyámáꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 誤って | あやまって | [àyámáꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 誤れば | あやまれば | [àyámáꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]誤る • (ayamaru) intransitive godan (stem 誤り (ayamari), past 誤った (ayamatta))
- to make a mistake, to err
- 誤るのが人間である。
- Ayamaru no ga ningen de aru.
- To err is human
- 誤るのが人間である。
- to become in a bad mood, to become troubled or despondent
- to be unreasonable or irregular
誤る • (ayamaru) transitive godan (stem 誤り (ayamari), past 誤った (ayamatta))
- to mistake one thing for another
- to choose in the wrong direction
- 身を誤る
- mi o ayamaru
- to mistake one's self → to go astray, to go bad
- 身を誤る
- to deceive someone, to lead astray
- 人を誤る、人を誤る言動
- hito o ayamaru, hito o ayamaru gendō
- to lead someone astray, words and actions that lead someone astray
- 人を誤る、人を誤る言動
- to take something through deception, to deceive someone of something
- 人の金をあやまり
- hito no kane o ayamari
- deceiving people of their money
- 人の金をあやまり
- to break a promise, to break one's word
- 契れること誤れる人に
- chigireru koto ayamareru hito ni
- to a person who could break what they would promise
- 契れること誤れる人に
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "誤る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 誤ら | あやまら | ayamara |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 誤り | あやまり | ayamari |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 誤られる | あやまられる | ayamarareru |
Causative | 誤らせる 誤らす |
あやまらせる あやまらす |
ayamaraseru ayamarasu |
Potential | 誤れる | あやまれる | ayamareru |
Volitional | 誤ろう | あやまろう | ayamarō |
Negative | 誤らない | あやまらない | ayamaranai |
Negative continuative | 誤らず | あやまらず | ayamarazu |
Formal | 誤ります | あやまります | ayamarimasu |
Perfective | 誤った | あやまった | ayamatta |
Conjunctive | 誤って | あやまって | ayamatte |
Hypothetical conditional | 誤れば | あやまれば | ayamareba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 誤ら | あやまら | ayamara |
Continuative (連用形) | 誤り | あやまり | ayamari |
Terminal (終止形) | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Attributive (連体形) | 誤る | あやまる | ayamaru |
Realis (已然形) | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Imperative (命令形) | 誤れ | あやまれ | ayamare |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 誤らず | あやまらず | ayamarazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 誤れど | あやまれど | ayamaredo |
Causal conjunction | 誤れば | あやまれば | ayamareba |
Conditional conjunction | 誤らば | あやまらば | ayamaraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 誤りき | あやまりき | ayamariki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 誤りけり | あやまりけり | ayamarikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 誤りつ | あやまりつ | ayamaritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 誤りぬ | あやまりぬ | ayamarinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 誤れり 誤りたり |
あやまれり あやまりたり |
ayamareri ayamaritari |
Volitional | 誤らむ | あやまらむ | ayamaramu |
References
[edit]- ^ “謝”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 誤 read as あやま
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese transitive verbs