苦心
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
heart; mind | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (苦心) | 苦 | 心 | |
simp. #(苦心) | 苦 | 心 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǔsin
- Wade–Giles: kʻu3-hsin1
- Yale: kǔ-syīn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuushin
- Palladius: кусинь (kusinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 苦心
苦辛
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fu2 sam1
- Yale: fú sām
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2 sam1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2 sem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Noun
[edit]苦心
Adverb
[edit]苦心
- with strenuous efforts; painstakingly
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
苦 | 心 |
く Grade: 3 |
しん Grade: 2 |
goon | on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From 苦 (ku, “hard, energetically”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) くしん [kùshíꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) くしん [kúꜜshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ɕĩɴ]
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 苦心惨憺 (kushin santan): taking great pains
- 苦心談 (kushindan): account of the hardships one has encountered
Idioms
[edit]- 苦心を買われる (kushin o kawareru): have one's labor appreciated
Verb
[edit]苦心する • (kushin suru) ←くしん (kusin)?intransitive suru (stem 苦心し (kushin shi), past 苦心した (kushin shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "苦心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 苦心し | くしんし | kushin shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 苦心し | くしんし | kushin shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 苦心する | くしんする | kushin suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 苦心する | くしんする | kushin suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 苦心すれ | くしんすれ | kushin sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 苦心せよ¹ 苦心しろ² |
くしんせよ¹ くしんしろ² |
kushin seyo¹ kushin shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 苦心される | くしんされる | kushin sareru | |
Causative | 苦心させる 苦心さす |
くしんさせる くしんさす |
kushin saseru kushin sasu | |
Potential | 苦心できる | くしんできる | kushin dekiru | |
Volitional | 苦心しよう | くしんしよう | kushin shiyō | |
Negative | 苦心しない | くしんしない | kushin shinai | |
Negative continuative | 苦心せず | くしんせず | kushin sezu | |
Formal | 苦心します | くしんします | kushin shimasu | |
Perfective | 苦心した | くしんした | kushin shita | |
Conjunctive | 苦心して | くしんして | kushin shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 苦心すれば | くしんすれば | kushin sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
苦 | 心 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
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- Mandarin adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 苦
- Chinese terms spelled with 心
- Japanese terms spelled with 苦 read as く
- Japanese terms spelled with 心 read as しん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
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- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
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