苒荏

Chinese

		luxuriant growth; passing (of time)	Perilla frutescens; soft
trad. (苒荏)		苒	荏
simp. #(苒荏)		苒	荏
anagram		荏苒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǎnrěn

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵ jam⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǎnrěn [Phonetic: ránrěn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ ㄖㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǎnrěn
    • Wade–Giles: jan³-jên³
    • Yale: rǎn-rěn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raanreen
    • Palladius: жаньжэнь (žanʹžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jim⁵ jam⁵
    • Yale: yíhm yáhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵ jam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵ yem⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³ jɐm¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: nyemX nyimX

Rime
Character	苒	荏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	而琰切	如甚切
Baxter	nyemX	nyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇmX/	/ȵiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛmX/	/ȵimX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæmX/	/ȵʑjemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiamX/	/ȵimX/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛmX/	/ȵiəmX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛmX/	/ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛmX/	/ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rǎn	rěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim5	jam5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njamʔ  njɯmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rěn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyimX ›
Old Chinese	/*n[ə]mʔ/ (< *num?)
English	a kind of big beans
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苒	荏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10785	10814
Phonetic component	冉	壬
Rime group	談	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	冉	荏
Old Chinese	/*njamʔ/	/*njɯmʔ/

Verb

苒荏

1. (literary) Synonym of 荏苒 (rěnrǎn, “(of time) to pass gradually”)