膨大

Chinese

		swollen	big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor
trad. (膨大)		膨	大
simp. ^#(膨大)		膨	大

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): péngdà

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ ㄉㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): paang⁴ daai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phòng-tōa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péngdà
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ ㄉㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péngdà
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²-ta⁴
  - Yale: péng-dà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perngdah
  - Palladius: пэнда (pɛnda)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵ tä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: paang⁴ daai⁶
  - Yale: pàahng daaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paang⁴ daai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: pang⁴ dai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːŋ²¹ taːi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòng-tōa
  - Tâi-lô: phòng-tuā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phorngdoa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tua²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tua²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tua³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tua³³/

Verb

膨大

to swell; to distend; to expand

Synonyms

膨脹／膨胀 (péngzhàng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
膨	大
ぼう Grade: S	だい Grade: 1
kan'yōon	goon

Alternative spelling
厖大

Etymology

First cited to 1872.^[1] Likely a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 膨 (bō, “swell, distend”) +‎ 大 (dai, “big”). The second sense of huge is likely a replacement spelling for Chinese-derived homophone 厖大 (bōdai), first cited to 1898.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼーだい [bòódáí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [bo̞ːda̠i]

Adjective

膨(ぼう)大(だい) • (bōdai) ^{←ばうだい (baudai)^?}-na (adnominal 膨(ぼう)大(だい)な (bōdai na), adverbial 膨(ぼう)大(だい)に (bōdai ni))

[1872] swollen and large
[1898] 厖大: huge, gigantic, enormous, massive
Antonyms: ちっぽけ (chippoke), 微小 (bishō), 些細 (sasai)

Inflection

Inflection of 膨大

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	膨大だろ	ぼうだいだろ	bōdai daro
Continuative (連用形)	膨大で	ぼうだいで	bōdai de
Terminal (終止形)	膨大だ	ぼうだいだ	bōdai da
Attributive (連体形)	膨大な	ぼうだいな	bōdai na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	膨大なら	ぼうだいなら	bōdai nara
Imperative (命令形)	膨大であれ	ぼうだいであれ	bōdai de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	膨大ではない膨大じゃない	ぼうだいではないぼうだいじゃない	bōdai de wa nai bōdai ja nai
Informal past	膨大だった	ぼうだいだった	bōdai datta
Informal negative past	膨大ではなかった膨大じゃなかった	ぼうだいではなかったぼうだいじゃなかった	bōdai de wa nakatta bōdai ja nakatta
Formal	膨大です	ぼうだいです	bōdai desu
Formal negative	膨大ではありません膨大じゃありません	ぼうだいではありませんぼうだいじゃありません	bōdai de wa arimasen bōdai ja arimasen
Formal past	膨大でした	ぼうだいでした	bōdai deshita
Formal negative past	膨大ではありませんでした膨大じゃありませんでした	ぼうだいではありませんでしたぼうだいじゃありませんでした	bōdai de wa arimasen deshita bōdai ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	膨大で	ぼうだいで	bōdai de
Conditional	膨大なら（ば）	ぼうだいなら（ば）	bōdai nara (ba)
Provisional	膨大だったら	ぼうだいだったら	bōdai dattara
Volitional	膨大だろう	ぼうだいだろう	bōdai darō
Adverbial	膨大に	ぼうだいに	bōdai ni
Degree	膨大さ	ぼうだいさ	bōdaisa

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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